RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS FOR THE MAELT PROGRAM

All About Research Hypothesis

1. Research
HYPOTHESIS
Reporters: Shania Obejero & Fritzie Mae Macas
Timmerman
Industries
2024

2. 01
02
03
04
05
06
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Report Overview
Definition
Types and Forms of Hypotheses
Characteristic and Nature
of A Good Hypothesis
Functions and Importance of a
Hypothesis
Formulation of a Testable
Hypothesis
Difficulties in Formulating a Useful
HypothesisTesting Process
Example of Hypothesis
08
Conclusion
Fundamental Basis of Hypothesis
09
How to Formulate a Hypothesis
How to Test a Hypothesis
10
11

3. What is a Hypothesis?
Definition: A hypothesis is a tentative
statement about the solution to a
problem, subject to empirical verification.
Literal Meaning: Derived from Greek,
"Hypo" means tentative, and "Thesis"
means statement.

4. What is a Hypothesis?
Definitions:
J.S. Mill: Any supposition made to deduce
conclusions in line with known facts.
John W. Best: A hypothesis is a shrewd guess,
guiding further investigation.
Role: Hypotheses focus research, guiding it
toward relevant data and logical conclusions.

5. Types of
Hypotheses
Example: There is no difference in student
performance between multimedia-based
and traditional teaching methods.
Null Hypothesis (H₀): Assumes no
significant relationship or
difference between variables.
Example: Students taught with multimedia
perform better than those taught with
traditional methods.
Alternative Hypothesis (H₁):
Suggests a significant relationship
or difference between variables.

6. Forms of Null
Hypotheses
Question Form: Simple
empirical question format.
Declarative Statement:
Predicts a relationship or
difference between variables.
Directional Hypothesis:
Predicts the specific direction
of an effect.
Non-Directional Hypothesis:
Predicts a difference or effect
without specifying direction.

7. What Makes a Good Hypothesis?
Testable and Empirical: Must be verifiable through
observable, empirical data.
Conceptual and Clear: Contains conceptual elements and
is precisely stated.
Grounded in Theory: Based on existing theory and
knowledge, bridging ideas to empirical investigation.
Future-Oriented: Looks forward, guiding research to
investigate outcomes.
Guides Research: Serves as the research's central focus,
linking concepts and outcomes.

8. Functions of a Hypothesis
Guides Investigation: Acts as a preliminary
solution, helping to narrow down the research
focus.
Defines Specifics for Study: Outlines what
should be investigated, setting the research
scope.
Facilitates Data Collection: Simplifies data
gathering by focusing only on evidence pertinent
to the hypothesis.

9. Importance of a Hypothesis
Provides Direction: A hypothesis prevents
random data collection by focusing on relevant
factors.
Enables Generalization: Helps link specific
findings to broader principles, enriching
scientific knowledge.
Organizes Information: A well-structured
hypothesis ties together related facts, aiding in
drawing meaningful conclusions.

10. Fundamental Basis of Hypothesis
Levels of Reality in Research:
Operational Level: Defines events in observable, measurable
terms (e.g., data collection methods and experiments).
Conceptual Level: Defines events in terms of broader,
abstract ideas that can generalize beyond the specific study.
Importance of Conceptualization: Moving from operational
specifics to conceptual understanding enables
generalization of findings, making results widely applicable.

11. Formulation of a Testable Hypothesis
Steps for a Testable Hypothesis:
Identify Pertinent Data: Focus on gathering data that
directly addresses the hypothesis.
Wording Matters: Ensure clarity and specificity in language
to avoid ambiguity.
Anticipate Analysis Needs: Formulate hypotheses that allow
for objective testing and the use of statistical methods.

12. Challenges in Hypothesis Formulation
Lack of a Clear Theoretical Framework: Without a solid
theoretical basis, hypotheses may lack direction or relevance.
Challenges in Operationalization: Difficulty in translating
abstract concepts into observable variables for testing.
Insufficient Familiarity with Research Methods: A lack of
understanding of available methods can lead to poorly
phrased or untestable hypotheses.

13. How to Formulate a Hypothesis
Step 1: Conduct a Literature Review
Identify gaps in existing knowledge.
Step 2: Define the Research Problem
Narrow down your focus based on the
identified gaps.
Step 3: Develop the Hypothesis
Create a focused hypothesis based on existing literature.

14. How to Test a Hypothesis
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4
Set up the
Hypotheses
Null (H₀) and
Alternative (H₁)
Hypotheses.
Choose the
Statistical Test
e.g., t-test, chi-
square, ANOVA.
Collect Data
Administer
surveys, tests,
or experiments.
Analyze Data
Determine if the
results lead to
accepting or
rejecting the
null hypothesis.

15. Based on the statistical results, accept or
reject the Null Hypothesis (H₀).
Accepting H₀ means there's no significant
effect or relationship, whereas rejecting
H₀ implies that H₁ is supported. In
essence, one hypothesis will be "erased"
from consideration as the evidence
supports only one outcome.

16. Example of Hypothesis in Education Research
Research Topic: Impact of Multimedia on Student Performance in ESL
Null Hypothesis (H₀): No significant difference in proficiency between
multimedia-based and traditional methods.
“There’s no significant difference in proficiency between multimedia-based and
traditional methods.”
Alternative Hypothesis (H₁): Multimedia-based lessons significantly improve
student proficiency.
“There’s no significant difference in proficiency between multimedia-based and
traditional methods.”
“Multimedia-based lessons significantly improve proficiency compared to traditional
methods.

17. Example of Hypothesis in Education Research
Education: “Tutoring has no effect on math achievement among middle school
students” (H₀) vs. “Tutoring improves math achievement” (H₁).
Psychology: “There is no relationship between sleep quality and stress levels”
(H₀) vs. “Poor sleep quality is associated with higher stress” (H₁).
Health Sciences: “New medication has no effect on blood pressure” (H₀) vs.
“New medication reduces blood pressure” (H₁).
Environmental Science: “Urban green spaces have no effect on air quality” (H₀)
vs. “Green spaces improve air quality” (H₁).

18. CONCLUSION
Key Takeaways:
Hypotheses guide research
and ensure focus.
A clear hypothesis is critical
to a structured research
process.
Testing hypotheses ensures
valid, reliable results.

19. Thank You