Research methodology

Research comprises defining and redefining problems, Formulating hypotheses, Collecting and evaluating data, making deductions, reaching conclusions, testing thus formulating solutions or theories
Scientific research is systematic, Controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of propositions about the presumed relationship between variables

1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY SREEJA RAMACHANDRAN MPHIL SCHOLAR

2. More About research Research is the process of finding solutions to a problem after a thorough study and analysis of the situational factors. Research provides the needed information that guides managers to make informed decisions to successfully deal with problems. The information provided could be the result of a careful analysis of data gathered firsthand or of data that are already available.

3. Meaning of Research Research is an endeavor to discover answers to intellectual and practical problems through the application of scientific method. Research is the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information (data) in order to increase our understanding of the phenomenon about which we are concerned or interested. Research simply means search for future knowledge or new facts. It is a progressive movement from known to unknown It is actually a voyage towards discovery

4. Definition of Research According to Clifford Woody “ Research comprises defining and redefining problems, Formulating hypotheses, Collecting and evaluating data, making deductions, reaching conclusions, testing thus formulating solutions or theories ________________________________________________________ According to Kerlinger , “ Scientific research is systematic, Controlled, empirical and critical investigation of propositions about presumed relationship between variables ”

5. Characteristics of Research 1. SYSTEMATIC : Research is starting from identification of a problem and ending on a finding a solution or suggestion for improvement . It must be under taken and finished in step by step approach. 2. PROBLEM BASED : Research must address an issue or solve practical problem. 3.GENERALIZING : Research may lead to generalizing concepts and theories through deduction and induction methods. 4.CONTROL: In most research , causes and effects are linked. Studying certain causes and isolating other elements is called controlled

6. Characteristics of Research 5.VALIDITY : Conclusions and findings revealed by research must be valid in similar situations and verified by anybody 6.EMERICAL : Conclusions drawn are to be based upon solid evidences and it should be gathered from information collected from real life experiences and observations 7.CRITICAL : Research could be subjected to critical scrutiny of procedures used and methods employed.

7. Characteristics of Research Research is directed towards the solution of a problem . Research demands accurate observation and description . Research involves gathering new data from primary sources or using existing data for a new purpose. Research is objective and logical – applying every possible test to validate the data collected and conclusions reached. Research is characterized by patient and unhurried activity. Research is carefully recorded and reported.

8. Objectives of Research To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it – Exploratory or Formulative Research . To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a group – Descriptive Research . To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with something else – Diagnostic Research . Doctor- Patients To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables – Hypothesis-Testing Research .

9. CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH Purpose clearly defined. Research process detailed. Research design thoroughly planned. High ethical standards applied. Limitations frankly revealed. Adequate analysis for decision maker’s needs. Findings presented unambiguously. Conclusions justified. Researcher’s experience reflected

10. QUALITIES OF A GOOD RESEARCH Systematic Logical Empirical Replicable Creative Use of multiple methods

11. SCOPE / SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH Research For Decision Making Throws light on risks and uncertainty Identify alternative courses of action Helps in economic use of resources Helps in project identification Solves investment problems Solves pricing problems Solves allocation problems Solves decision making issues in HR Solves various operational and planning problems of business and industry