Research methodology. ppt

Research methodology.

1. By Gayathiry

2. Research RESEARCH=RE+SEARCH “ RE ” MEANS AGAIN AND AGAIN “S EARCH ” MEANS TO FIND OUT SOMETHING It include collecting, organizing and evaluating data. The systematic approach concerning generalization and the formulation of theory is also research

3. DEFINITION “ Research is a careful & systematic afford of gaining new knowledge”. - Marry and Redman “A collection of methods and methodologies that researchers apply systematically to produce scientifically based knowledge about the social world”. - Neuman

4. Objectives of Research Defining and redefining the problems Find out truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered yet. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon to achieve new insight into it. Collecting, organizing and evaluating data. To test a hypothesis of casual relationship between variable To portray accurately the characteristics of particular individual, situation or a group. To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with something else. Making deductions and reading conclusions . Testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypotheses

5. Motivation in Research Desire to get research degree Desire to face challenges in solving the unsolved problems Desire to get intellectual joy doing some creative work Desire to be of service to the society Desire to get responsibility

6. Descriptive & Analytical Research Surveys and fact finding enquiries of different kinds . Researcher has no control over the variables; he can only report what has happened or what is happening Descriptive research is undertaken to provide answers to questions of who, what, where, when, and how – but not why Subdivisions Survey Research The Case Study Correlational Study Comparative Study Example :-A student of Management pursue research on customer preference about a product or service. Frequency of shopping. Involves in-depth study and evaluation of available information The researcher has to use facts or information already available and analyze these to make a critical evaluation of the material Subdivisions Historical Research Philosophical Research Review Research synthesis (meta analysis i.e. analysis of the review already published) Example - Research on a company’s financial performance over long times.

7. Applied vs. Fundamental Applied Research or Action Research Is carried out to find solution to a real life problem requiring an action or policy decision. Finding a solution to an immediate problem. Subtypes Marketing Research Evaluation Research Examples : impact directly on health, wealth, or culture  Basic / Pure / Fundamental Research  Concerned with generalizations and with the formulations of a theory  It is undertaken out of intellectual curiosity and is not necessarily problem oriented Example : relating to natural phenomenon or relating to pure mathematics

8. Quantitative vs. Qualitative

9. Conceptual & Empirical Research

10. Some other types of research

11. Research approaches • Three types of research approaches are Quantitative approach. Qualitative approach. Mixed methods approach

12. Mixed methods research It an approach to inquiry involving collecting both quantitative and qualitative data, integrating the two forms of data, and using distinct designs that may involve philosophical assumptions and theoretical frameworks. The core assumption of this form of inquiry is that the combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches provides a more complete understanding of a research problem than either approach alone..

13. “All progress is born of inquiry. Doubt is often better than overconfidence, for it leads to inquiry, and inquiry leads to invention” - Hudson Maxim Research inculcates scientific and inductive thinking and it promotes the development of logical habits of thinking and organization. Research plays a dynamic role in several fields and it has increased significantly in recent times, it can be related to small businesses and also to the economy as a whole. Most of the Government Regulations and Policies are based on and are a result of intensive research. Its significance lies in solving various planning and operational problems. It aids in decision making. It involves the study of cause and effect relationships between various variables and helps to identify behaviour /patterns/trends in certain variables. Significance of Research