“ A research starts with an empty notebook ” - Paul Watson
English??? Research in English Literature Vs. Research in English Language
Research in English Literature Application of Theory/Idea/Philosophy Thematic Analysis (Survival, Violence, Etc. ) Comparative Study Translation Studies Stylistic Appreciation/Criticism
Research in (English) Language ELT Methods (Innovation, Criticize, Etc. ) Linguistic Oriented Language Theories: Problems, Application, Etc. Comparative, Historical Linguistics Culture and Language
Application of Theories/ Thematic Analysis Gender roles/ Gender Victimization Colonial/Cultural/Class/Age effect on Writer Historical background/ Biographical “Deconstruction” – Postmodern Characteristics Particular Aspect of Writer
Comparative Literature World literature/ Archetypal Criticism Parallelism Intertextuality Similarity Contrastive Criticism (Dissimilarity) Influence/Confluence/Reception/Imitation Thematology / Genre / Translation
Translation Studies Problems of Translation Influence of Culture in Translation Language Inadequacy Translation Methods Coding Decoding, Untranslatability
Research Methods vs. Research Methodology Theoretical and systematic analysis of the strategies employed methods are approaches you intend to use to collect data Skills – handling material Methods – how you carry your research , it determines the kind of research. Methodology – perspective, feminist, Materials -
Textual Analysis as a Research Method Catherine Belsey Interpretation What says? Who says? To whom it says ? How ? What kinda effect? Tatquin and Lucretia (1571) Literally vs in-depth Sparing use of secondary source, it may hinder your imagination Minute details of cultural artefacts
Discourse Analysis as A Research Method
Archival Method Carolyne Steedman
Biography as Research Method ( a) Study of the available literary texts and relevant criticism of the author, and autobiography and biography/biographies if available. ( b) Collection of material published and unpublished in the form of letters, journals, memoirs , official records and semi-official reports . (c) Study and critical analysis of the collected material. This stage is very important and here the biographer must be a thorough going sceptic . - Sinha , M.P.. Research Methods in English . Kindle Edition.
Visual Methodologies
Digital Humanities
Numbers and Words: Quantitative
Bibliography and Textual Criticism Editing Manuscript Vs. Holograph Collation: Comparision Authenticity of the manuscript
Oral History
History of Ideas
Narratology / technique The researcher can do research on an author’s art of characterization, plot construction, style, use of symbols and imagery, narrative technique, irony and poetic diction. But he or she should know that research on these is not an easy task. It may be that a particular character is a mythical or historical or literary figure. Sinha, M.P.. Research Methods in English . Kindle Edition.
Tools and techniques for literary research Using online and printed sources online sources - institution’s authenticated gateway -your user ID and password to log on to your university account. University library will usually have an institutional subscription to a variety of online resources
Scholarly journals , books (both primary sources and criticism ) and reference works are now available online. identify what is available online identify your nearest major research library
Using Google for Academic Research D elimit search fields and maximise the retrieval of relevant information (Boolean) Use quotes – “ Smoking causes Cancer ” Use a hyphen to exclude words – Cars - Audi Use a colon to search specific sites - Chaucer: Sparknotes Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com) Google Book Search (http://books.google.com)
Wikipedia and evaluating data Participating in scholarly communities biographical dictionaries online . The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (www.oxforddnb.com) American National Biography Encyclopaedia Britannica ( www.britannica.com )
Using Online Database Indexes and abstracts e Modern Language Association International Bibliography , http://firstsearch.oclc.org Annual Bibliography of English Language and Literature http :// lion.chadwyck.co.uk Routledge Annotated Bibliography of English Studies (ABES, http ://abe.informaworld.com) British Humanities Index (BHI, available through www-md4.csa. com).
Research Gate Shodhganga (Thesis Reservoir)
Library catalogues COPAC (http://copac.ac.uk) is the best British cumulative catalogue WorldCat – bibliographic details/ Workcited
USING DARKWEB AND DEEP WEB
Full-text journal articles JSTOR (www.jstor.org). Project Muse (http://muse.jhu.edu ) The Journal of Commonwealth Literature Language and Literature – SAGE Pub DOI - Digital Object Identifier
Primary sources and eBooks Bartleby (http://bartleby.com) Project Gutenberg (www.gutenberg.org/catalog) Literature Online (LION; http://lion.chadwyck.co.uk) British National Archives’ Documents Online site (www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline
INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES TO LITERARY TEXTS Literature and Cultural Studies Literature and Other Media Literature and Film, Literature and Graphic Narratives, Music Linda Hutcheon’s A Theory of Adaptation (2006)
TERMS Ibid ISBN International Standard Book Number
MATERIALS IN ENGLISH RESEARCH Primary Text Secondary Text Manuscripts Tools – Note Pad, Recorder, Camera, Etc.