Research Objectives and Hypothesis.pptx

The contents are parts of research process of methods of research. These includes the what research objective is and the tips, guidelines or methods on how to state a good research objectives; what are the importance of research objectives; what are the types of research objectives; what is research hypothesis; the characteristics of good hypothesis, the types of hypothesis and its examples. I hope this presentation can help you too.

1. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESIS

2. CONTENTS 01 02 03 04 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES TYPES OF RESEARCH OBJECTIVES TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS

3. PART 01 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

4. A clearly defined objective directs a researcher in the right direction. In order to get the right solution, a clearly defined objectives are very important. Research is an organized investigation of a problem where an investigator attempts to gain solution to a problem . RESEARCH A clearly defined objective directs a researcher in the right direction. A clearly defined objectives are important feature of a good research study .

5. Research objectives focus on the ways to measure the variables , such as to identify or describe them. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE . The objectives of a research project summarize what is to be achieved by the study. A research objective is a clear , concise , declarative statement , which provides direction to investigate the variables under the study.

6. specific Take calculated risks. That is quite different from being rash. measurable CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH OBJECTIVES R T attainable realistic Time-bound S M A

7. 01 02 03 04 FOCUS NEED FOR OBJECTIVES ORGANIZATION GIVES DIRECTION AVOID UNNECESSARY DATA

8. TYPES OF RESEARCH OBJECTIVES PART 02

9. 01 - are broad goals to be achieved - states what the researcher expects to achieve by the study in general terms - The general objective is met through meeting the specific objectives stated. TYPES OF RESEARCH OBJECTIVES - are short term and narrow in focus -General objectives are broken into small logically connected parts to form specific objectives. -Specific objectives clearly specify what the researcher will do in the study, where and for what purpose the study is done. GENERAL OBJECTIVES SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 02

10. 01 “A quasi experimental study on the effects of poverty on education among selected cities in India” EXAMPLES To assess the effects of poverty on education among…… To determine the prevalence of poverty among….. To compare the severity of morning sickness among…. GENERAL OBJECTIVES SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 02

11. METHOD OF STATING OBJECTIVES The following guideline must be taken into account while stating the objectives…. The objectives should be presented briefly and concisely . The objective should cover the different aspects of the problem and its contributing factors in a coherent way and in a logical sequence. The objectives should be clearly phrased in operational terms, specifying exactly what the researcher is going to do, where and for what purpose. The objectives are realistic considering the local conditions. The objectives use action verbs that are specific enough to be evaluated

12. HYPOTHESIS And its types PART 03

13. HYPOTHESIS PURPOSE - to predict your paper’s findings, data and conclusion (educated guess) The reason for undertaking research is to observe a specific phenomenon. A hypothesis, therefore, lays out what the said phenomenon is. And it does so through two variables – an independent and dependent variable. Research hypothesis is a clear and testable proposition statement about the possible outcome of a specific research study based on a particular property of a population.

14. 02 CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD HYPOTHESIS Testable 03 Precise about the results 04 Self-explanatory 05 For rational hypothesis, include the variables and establish an appropriate relationship among them 06 It must keep and reflect the scope for further investigations and experiments 01 01 Simple yet clear to look justifiable enough

15. TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS 01 02 03 04 06 07 05 null alternative Associative & casual complex simple statistical empirical

16. 01 Has no relationship between two variables Denoted by H , it is a negative statement Examples: Attending physiotherapy sessions does not affect athletes’ on-field performance. Poverty has nothing to do with the rate of crime in a society. Illiteracy has nothing to do with the rate of unemployment in society. TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS Null Hypothesis

17. Opposite of a null hypothesis Donated as H 1 or H a Explicitly states that the dependent variable affects the independent variable Example: Attending physiotherapy sessions improves athletes’ on-field performance. TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS Alternative Hypothesis 02 Directional Hypothesis states the result would be either positive or negative (H1) Non-Directional Hypothesis only claims an effect on the dependent variable (≠)

18. 03 A statement made to reflect the relation between two variables – one dependent and one independent. Example: Smoking is a prominent cause of lung cancer. TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS Simple Hypothesis Dependent variable Independent variable Ex. Higher the unemployment, higher would be the rate of crime in society. Lower the use of fertilizers, lower would be agricultural productivity.

19. Implies the relationship between multiple independent and dependent variables. Examples: Individuals who eat more fruits tend to have higher immunity, lesser cholesterol and high metabolism . Ex. Higher the poverty, higher the illiteracy in society, higher will be the rate of crime. Higher the illiteracy in a society higher will be the poverty and crime rate. TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS Complex Hypothesis 04 Independent variable Dependent variables

20. 05 They don’t exhibit how many variables there will be. They define the relationship between the variables. TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS Associative and Casual Hypothesis

21. Also referred to as the working hypothesis . It claims a theory’s validation via experiments and observation. Its statement appears justifiable and different from a wild guess. Example: Women who take iron tablets face a lesser risk of anemia than those who take vitamin B12. TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS Empirical Hypothesis 06

22. 07 The point of a statistical hypothesis is to test an already existing hypothesis by studying a population sample. Example: 44% of the Indian population belong in the age group of 22-27. Leverage evidence to prove or disprove a particular statement. TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS Statistical Hypothesis