RESEARCH.ppt How to do research and the methodologies

Research

1. Investigative learning
അന്വേഷണാത്മക പഠവം
Dr E S SanthoshKumar
JNTBGRI, Palode
8547825373

2. അന്വേഷണാത്മക പഠവം
•To equip the young mind to
ask questions and find
answers
•WHY? WHY? WHY?

3. Religion and Science
The journey of human being from ancient
hunting-gathering societies to highly civilized
society.

4. Charles Darwin and Dasavathara
1831–36: South
American expedition as
a naturalist.
Developed the theory of
evolution (പരിണാമ
സിദ്ധാന്തം) by natural
selection.

5. Dasavathara and Evolution Theory
Matsyam Parasuraman
Koormam SreeRaman
Varaham Balaraman
Narasimham SreeKrishnan
Vamanan Kalki

6. SCIENCE
•Science is based observation and reasoning
from observation
•ശാസത്രംവിരീക്ഷണവ ം
വിരീക്ഷണത്തിൽ വിന്ന ള്ളയ ക്തിയ ം
അടിസ്ഥാവമാക്കിയ ള്ളരാണത .
•The scientific method is proven by its success. The
religious method is refuted by its failure.
•ശാസത്രീയ രീരി അരിവതറെ വിജയത്താൽ
റരളിയിക്കറെട്ടരാണത . മരപരമായ രീരി
അരിവതറെ പരാജയത്താൽ വിരാകരിക്കറെ ട ന്ന .

7. Research
•The word Research was originated from the
French word "recherche“ meaning "to go
about seeking“----seeking of new knowledge?

8. Research
A careful investigation for new facts in any
branch of knowledge
അെിവിവതറെ ഏറരങ്കില ം ശാഖയിറല
പ രിയവസ്ത രകൾക്കായ ള്ള
സൂക്ഷ്മമായഅന്വേഷണം
Research is a systematic effort to gain new
knowledge
•പ രിയഅെിവ കൾ ന്വടാവ ള്ള
ചിട്ടയായ്ശമമാണതഗന്വഷണം

9. Research is conducted to...
•Evaluate the validity of a hypothesis
•ഒര സിദ്ധാന്തത്തിവതറെസാധ ര
വിലയിര ത്ത ക
•To help generate questions for further
inquiries.
•കൂടുതൽ അന്വേഷണങ്ങൾക്കാ യി
ന് ാദ്യങ്ങൾസൃഷ്ടിക്കാൻ
സഹായിക്കുന്നു
•

10. •Collecting, organizing and evaluating data
and reaching conclusions;
•To be testing the conclusions to determine
whether they fit the formulating
hypothesis/objectives

11. Why do we do Research
Desire to get a research degree along with its consequential
benefits
Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved problems
Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work
Desire to be of service to society
Desire to get respectability
Directives of government, employment conditions etc.

12. Research help to find out :-
•Inventions
•Discoveries

13. InventionsInventor Date
RadioGuglielmoMarconi1895
Thermom
eter
Gabriel Farenheit1714
Electric
Bulb
Thomas Edison 1879

14. Discovery: Newton’s Apple tree and the nature of
gravitation

15. Discovery of new species Animals
Pathala thavala/Maveli thavala

16. New plant Species Discovered
[Humboldtia ponmudiana]

17. Buchanania abrahamiana

18. Sida keralensis
Eugenia kalamii
Madhuca balakrishnanii

19. The important features of a research design
A plan
Specify the sources & types of information
relevant to the research problem
A strategy
Which approach will be used for gathering and
analyzing the data
The time and budgets
Most studies are done under these two constraints

20. Define Your objectives
•Try to keep these simple
•The more variables the more difficult
•Use the opportunity
•Get help at this stage
–Senior colleagues
–Experienced researchers

21. Steps involved in a research
•Choose a subject
•Literature survey
•Defining and formulation of specific objectives
•Prepare Synopsis
•Procuring of suitable apparatus/materials
•Design of experimental set up
•Preliminary experiments
•Execution of the project
•Accurate measurements/data collection

22. •Data analysis and error compounding
•Hypothesis testing and verification
•Results and discussion
•Generalization, interpretation and drawing
conclusions
•Preparation of the project report
Steps involved in a research

23. Discovery of Drug
from medicinal
plants

24. ‘JAGATYEVAM ANOUSHADHAM
NA KINCHIT VIDYATE DRAVYAM
VASHAANNAARTHAYAGAYOH'
"There is nothing in this universe, which is
non-medicinal, which cannot be made use
for many purposes and by many modes.“
പലആവശയങ്ങൾക്ക ം പലരീരികളിലൂറടയ ം
ഉപന്യാഗിക്കാൻ കഴിയാത്ത, ഔഷധമല്ലാത്തരാ യിഈ
്പപഞ്ചത്തിൽ ഒന്ന മില്ല."

25. PLANT METABOLITES
Primary metabolites
•Carbohydrates
•Nucleic Acids
•Amino acids
•Fats
•Lipids
•Proteins
Secondary Metabolites
•Alkaloides
•Polyketides
•Terpenoids
•Isoprenoids
•etc

26. World’s Oldest
Medical system.
Started between
3000-2000 BC.
Using 1800-2000 spp.
8 Sections
120
chapters
6 Sections
186
chapters

27. •No of plant species-49,219
(12.5% of the world)
•No of animal species-81,251
(6.6% of world fauna)

28. 17000-18000 spp.
Medicinal plants : 7800 spp.
(4,635 ethnic communities)
Kerala Flora:
4694 spp. Medicinal
plants: 1876
spp.*
STATUS OF HERBAL FLORA OF INDIA

29. Rauvolfia serpentina

33. Arisaema agasthyanum
–A strict endemic to
Kerala in Agasthyamalai
Bisphere Reserve

35. Trichopus zeylanicus

36. Silent Valley
Anamalais
Agasthyamalai

37. The information from Mallan and Mathan Kani was the
initial clue of the drug discovery

40. 250 species from Kerala
Syzygium (Myrtaceae) having the maximum
number of species [20 out of 44 are having
edible fruits]
Advantages of Tropical Fruits
Rich in Antioxidants
Provide protection from radiations

41. Salacia beddomei –‘Korandi’

49. Aporusa acuminata-Ponvetti
Phyllanthus emblica-Nelli

52. Artocarpus hirsutus: Fruits
(Cures Diarrhoea, Skin diseases. )

53. WILD ORNAMENTALS

55. Acanthophippium
bicolor

56. Brachycorythis splendida
Coelogyne nervosa

57. Anoectochilus regalis: The Jewel Orchid

59. Phais luridus

60. Pecteilis gigantea

61. Ipsea malabarica
‘the Malabar Daffodil Orchid’
Seen only in two localities
Critically endangered species endemic
to the Western Ghats.

62. Impatiens pulcherrima

63. Impatiensv erticillata Impatiens scapiflora

65. Impatiens maculata

67. Impatiens platyadena

68. Impatiens coelotropis

69. Impatiens tangachee

70. Strobilanthes lupulinus

71. Strobilanthes lawsonii: Flowering once in 17 years?

72. Strobilanthes hamiltoniana : flowering once in six years
Strobilanthes hamiltoniana

73. Barleria courtallica

74. Barleria involucrata var elata

75. Thunbergia mysorensis

76. Thunbergia fragrans

77. Stenosiphonium parviflorum

78. Stenosiphonium russelianum

79. Stenosiphonium confertum

80. Begonia dipetala var hydrophila

81. Begonia dipetala var hydrophila

82. Begonia fallax

84. Neurocalyx calycinus

86. Ixora johnsonii

87. Ixora polyantha

88. Ophiorrhiza nairii

89. Ophiorrhiza eriantha

90. Syzygium laetum

91. Syzygium laetum

92. Syzygium laetum

93. Syzygiummunronii

94. Syzygium zeylanicum

95. Osbeckia travancorica

97. Sonerila devicolamensis

99. Didymocarpus fischeri

102. Acrotrema arnottiana

104. Humboldtia decurrens
Handkerchief Plants

107. Ardisia solanacea : Manimundakizhangu

109. Memecylon ponmudianum
Memecylon agasthyamalayanum