Research Process

Research Process by Dr.T.V.Rao MD

1. Research Process Dr.T.V.Rao MD

2. What is Research Research comprises "creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge , Medicine is a wider field for exploration 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 2

3. Questions are Many Answers are Few When starting your research you may or may not have a clear question but by starting with an idea and formulating this idea into a question you will be able to review the literature already written on this topic which will likely help you to refine and narrow your questions 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 3

4. Why Should I Care About Research? Answering questions and making decisions We encounter research every day Common sense (intuition) is often wrong Aamodt

5. What is the research process ? It is the systematic manner in which a researcher approaches their area of study to produce knowledge which the community will consider to be worthwhile within the field. There are four principles stages in the research process that we will cover here: Inquiry Collection Organisation Presentation 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 5

6. Series of various actions, which are necessary to effective research work. Research process consist of a number of closely related activities. Various steps involved in a research process are not mutually exclusive; nor they are separate & distinct. What is research process……??? 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 6

7. Select Issue Review Topic Develop Hypothesis Research Design Measurement Data Analyses Write Report Action Plans Ethics Research Process 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 7

8. Academic Integrity Academic Integrity means honesty and responsibility in scholarship.. Intellectual contributions from others must be consistently and responsibly acknowledged. Academic work completed in any other way is fraudulent 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 8

9. The scientific research process is a multiple-step process where the steps are interlinked with the other steps in the process 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 10

10. 7 STEPS OF RESEARCH PROCESS Step One : Define research problem Step Two : Review of literature Step Three : Formulate hypotheses Step Four : Preparing the research design Step Five : Data collection Step Six : Data analysis Step Seven : Interpretation and report writing 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 11

11. Step One: Define Research Problem There are two types of research problem, viz., those relate to states of nature relationship between variables . Essentially two steps are involved in define research problem, viz., understanding the problem thoroughly and rephrasing the same into meaningful terms from an point of view. 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 12

12. We have a problem Identify the Problem The first step in the process is to identify a problem or develop a research question. The research problem may be something the agency identifies as a problem, some knowledge or information that is needed by the agency, or the desire to identify a recreation trend nationally 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 13

13. Step Two: Review of Literature Once the problem is define, a brief summary of it should be written down. It is compulsory for a research worker writing a thesis for a Ph.D. degree to write a synopsis of topic and submit it to necessary committee or the research board for approval. 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 14

14. Review the Literature Now that the problem has been identified, the researcher must learn more about the topic under investigation. To do this, the researcher must review the literature related to the research problem. 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 15

15. Review of Literature Helps to Move from Past to Future The review of literature also educates the researcher about what studies have been conducted in the past, how these studies were conducted, and the conclusions in the problem area . 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 16

16. Step Three: Formulate Hypothesis Formulate hypothesis is tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its logical or empirical consequences. Hypothesis should be very specific and limited to the piece of research in hand because it has to be tested. 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 17

17. Step 3: Gather Background Information Get Basic Info Pick up an encyclopedia and read about basic information on your topic. If the topic is too specific, read about the subject. Read On... If there are any good suggestions of books at the end of the encyclopedia article, note those to look up later. The next few slides will show you some different ways to find background information on your topic using our library’s website.

18. What is Hypothesis HYPOTHESIS - a contention based on preliminary evidence of what appears to be fact (an educated guess), which may or may not be true. 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 19

19. Hypothesis should keep you on Right Tract The role of the hypothesis is to guide the researcher by delimiting the area of research and to keep him on the right track. 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 20

20. Searching for sources Identify important concepts in your topic. •Once you have articulated your topic, try to pick out important concepts or keywords which you can use when you search for articles. Identify the subject area Consider how recent or historical your search is. Do not take outdated topics 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 21

21. Searching Literature enlightens on the Matters of Interest The information discovered during this step helps the programmer fully understand the magnitude of the problem, recognize the future consequences of obesity, and identify a strategy to combat obesity (i.e., walking). 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 22

22. Step Four: Preparing the Research Design The function of research design is to provide for the collection of relevant evidence with minimal expenditure of effort, time and money. Research purpose may be grouped into four categories, viz., Exploration, Description, Diagnosis, Experimentation. 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 23

23. Step Five: Data Collection Primary data can be collected through: By Observation Through personal interview Through telephone interview By mailing of questionnaries Through Schedules 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 24

24. Collect Data Once the instrumentation plan is completed, the actual study begins with the collection of data. The collection of data is a critical step in providing the information needed to answer the research question. 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 25

25. Step Six: Data Analysis The analysis of data requires a number of closely related operations such as establishment of categories. This stage mainly include : Coding Editing Tabulation 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 26

26. Analyse the Data All the time, effort, and resources dedicated to steps 1 through 7 of the research process culminate in this final step. The researcher finally has data to analyse so that the research question can be answered. In the instrumentation plan 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 27

27. Evaluate your results Look at the number of article citations you were able to retrieve. If you retrieved more articles than you expected and they don't seem to be relevant to your topic, you may need to add another concept or keyword to your search statement in order to narrow your search. 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 28

28. Step Seven: Interpretation and Report Writing Researcher has to prepare the report of what has been done by him. Writing of report includes: the preliminary pages; the main text, and End matter. Finally it is in Black and White 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 29

29. CITE WHAT YOU FIND USING A STANDARD FORMAT Give credit where credit is due; cite your sources. Citing or documenting the sources used in your research serves two purposes, it gives proper credit to the authors of the materials used, and it allows those who are reading your work to duplicate your research and locate the sources that you have listed as references. 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 30

30. References Basic Social Work Research library University of Michigan USA Steps of the research process Applied Research and Evaluation Methods in Recreation By Diane C. Blankenship :Human Kinetics The Research Process University Library University of Illinois 21-07-2017 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 31

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