Residential Apartment Building

Housing is an important activity that directly indicates the standard of living of the people, with the increase in growth of population due to rapid industrialization scarcity of developed land, the need for multi-storeyed housing complex has increased to a considerable extent , so people turned to multi-storeyed residential apartments instead of individual houses, when city development reached a maximum development of suburban’s areas began the people living in the city should have advocate housing for comfortable and peaceful living.

1. WELCOME PRESENTATION TOPIC : DETAILED ESTIMATION & RATE ANALYSIS ON RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT BUILDING (C+G+5 FLOORS) ABHINAV RANGANATH PANYAM VUPPU

2. OUTLINE Objectives Building Types Residential Apartment Structural Elements Slabs Two way slabs Estimation & Rate analysis of two way slabs Columns Rectangular Columns Estimation & Rate analysis of Rectangular Columns Beams Beams Estimation & Rate analysis of Beams Foundations Shallow foundation Estimation & Rate analysis of Shallow foundation Staircase Staircase Estimation & Rate analysis of Staircase

3. TYPES OF BUILDINGS Buildings are been divided into: Apartment building Apartment buildings are multi-story buildings where three or more residences are contained within one structure. Office building The primary purpose of an office building is to provide a workplace and working environment for administrative workers.

4. BUILDINGS RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT BUILDINGS OFFICE BUILDINGS

5. RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT BUILDING 5

6. MAJOR BUILDING PARTS Superstructure Substructure Foundation

7. STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS Any reinforced concrete structure consists of : Slabs Beams Columns Foundations 7

8. SLABS TYPES OF SLABS: One-way slab Two-way slab Flat plate slab

9. SLABS TWO WAY SLABS: When slabs are supported on four sides, two-way spanning occurs. When the ratio of long span to short span is less than 2 then the slab is known as Two way slabs. The load is distributed in all four sides.

10. SLABS The reinforcements will be placed along the length and the breadth i.e. the reinforcements will be perpendicular to one another Two-way slabs carry load in two directions. The slabs used in this residential building are the two way slabs

11. ESTIMATED QUANTITIES OF SLABS CONCRETE: concrete quantity in ground & cellar floors=315.51 m 3 concrete quantity in 5 floors =788.79 m 3 TOTAL QUANTITY = 1104.3 m 3 REINFORCEMENT: Total reinforcement in ground & cellar floors=1.708 tons Total reinforcement in 5 floors=11.704 tons TOTAL QUANTITY= 13.412 tons

12. COLUMNS It is a vertical structural member supporting axial compressive loads, with or with-out moments. Support vertical loads from the floors and roof and transmit these loads to the foundation. COLUMN

13. COLUMNS TYPES OF COLUMN: Tied columns Spiral columns Composite columns

14. COLUMNS TIED COLUMNS: Tied columns have closed lateral ties spaced approximately uniformly across the column. A tied column is a concrete column reinforced with transverse rectangular reinforcement called “ties “ in addition to longitudinal reinforcement. The main function of ties, as specified for tied columns, is to hold the reinforcement in place during casting. Ties may also serve to resist shear, confine the concrete, and prevent the bars from buckling if they are proportioned properly for those tasks .

15. COLUMNS MATERIAL S: STEEL Fe500 CONCRETE 53 GRADE STEEL DIAMETERS USED : 32,25,20,16 & 12 (IN MM) For longitudinal reinforcement in a column nominal cover shall in case not be less than 40mm or less than the diameter of such bar. In case of columns of minimum dimensions of 200mm or under , whose reinforcement bars do not exceed 12mm , a nominal cover of 25mm may be used.

16. COLUMNS CONCRETE QUANTITY: Total concrete quantity =31812.78m 3 REINFORCEMENT QUANTITY: Total reinforcement =10.212 tons

17. PEDESTAL CONCRETE QUANTITY: Total concrete quantity =11.96 m 3 REINFORCEMENT QUANTITY: Total reinforcement =0.243 tons Pedestal

18. BEAMS A  beam  is a structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting  bending. The bending force induced into the material of the beam as a result of the external loads, own weight, span and external reactions to these loads is called a bending moment .

19. BEAMS The beams are classified as: According to shape: Rectangular, T, L, Circular etc According to supporting conditions : Simply supported, fixed, continuous and cantilever beams According to reinforcement : Singly reinforced and doubly reinforced

20. BEAMS Minimum cover in beams must be 25 mm or shall not be less than the larger diameter of bar for all steel reinforcement including links. Nominal cover specified in Table 16 and 16A of IS456-2000 should be used to satisfy the durability criteria . These acrospans are used to support all kinds of beams , slabs etc ACROSPANS

21. BEAMS Anchorage in steel bars is normally provided in the form of bends and hooks The anchorage value of bend of bar is taken as 4 times the diameter of bar for every 450 bend subjected to maximum of 16 times the diameter of bar.

22. BEAMS Generally a beam consists of following steel reinforcements: Longitudinal reinforcement at tension and compression face. Shear reinforcements in the form of vertical stirrups and or bent up longitudinal bars are provided. Side face reinforcement in the web of the beam is provided when the depth of the web in a beam exceeds 750 mm. (0.1% of the web area and shall be distributed equally on two faces at a spacing not exceeding 300 mm or web thickness whichever is less)

23. BEAMS Concrete is strong in compression and very weak in tension. So for tension we use steel reinforcement in beams to take up tensile stresses in reinforced concrete beams. Mild steel bars or Deformed or High yield strength deformed bars (HYSD) HYSD bars have ribs on the surface and this increases the bond strength at least by 40%

24. Specification for the reinforcement in beams is given in clause 8.1 to 8.6 of SP34 24

25. BEAMS CONCRETE QUANTITY: Total concrete quantity =463.47 m 3 REINFORCEMENT QUANTITY: Total reinforcement =61.93 tons

26. FOUNDATIONS Foundations are structural components used to support columns and transfer loads to the underlying Soil. Foundations Isolated Combined Strap wall Raft Shallow footing footing footing footing footing Caissons Piles Deep

27. FOUNDATIONS Foundation used in this residential apartment is shallow foundation. The function of a footing or a foundation is to transmit the load form the structure to the underlying soil. The choice of suitable type of footing depends on the depth at which the bearing strata lies, the soil condition and the type of superstructure.

28. FOUNDATION SHALLOW FOUNDATION Combined footing Raft footing Stepped footing COMBINED FOOTING

29. FOUNDATIONS COMBINED FOOTING: Combined footings are provided only when it is absolutely necessary, as When two columns are close together, causing overlap of adjacent isolated footings Where soil bearing capacity is low, causing overlap of adjacent isolated footings Proximity of building line or existing building or sewer, adjacent to a building column. In this Residential Building they used 2 combined footings due to the overlap of columns.

30. FOUNDATIONS RAFT FOOTING: If the loads transmitted by the columns in a structure are so heavy (or) the allowable soil pressure so small that individual footings would cover more than about half of the area it may be better to provide a continuous footing under all columns and walls such a footing is called Raft or Mat foundation . Raft foundations are also used to reduce the settlement of structures located above highly compressible deposits. Since raft are usually at some depth in the ground, a large volume of excavation may be required. In this residential apartment we took 1-Raft footing for the Lift.

31. FOUNDATIONS Remaining all the footings are stepped footings. In this Residential Apartment stepped footings are used because it can transfer the loads in a stepwise manner safely