Resin Containing Drugs.pptx

Drugs containing oleo resins and oleo gum resins.

1. RESIN CONTAINING DRUGS Benzoin, Guggul, Ginger, Asafoetida, Myrrh, Colophony BY: Dr. Rakesh Barik

2. Synonyms – Heeng , hing , hingu Biological source - It is the oleo-gum-resin obtained by incising the rhizomes and roots of Ferula foetida, Ferula asafoetida , belonging to family Umbeliferae Geographical source :-Grown in Iran , Turkestan & Afghanistan.

3. Cultivation & Collection:- Perennial plant From March-April ,just before the flowering season of plant , upper part of the roots , close to the crown is cut off. Milky juice oozes out the cut surface & coagulates After few days the coagulated matter is scraped off & fresh cuts are given for more exudates. This process repeates until the plant ceases to produce latex.

4.  Structure:- M acro s cop y: color-yellowih white – reddish brown odou r - in t ense taste- bitter size- 0.5 -3cm(diameter) shape-2 forms tears(round / flat) & masses

5. Chemical constituents R esins (40 -65%) , G um s (20 -25%) , volatile oil s (4 - 20%) . The resin contains asarecinotanol either in free form or combined with ferulic acid. Free umbeliferone is absent in F. foetida but present in Galbanum, an oleo gum resin obtained from F. galbaniflua . The flavour is largely due to R-2-butyl-l-propenyl disulphide and 2-butyl-3-methylthioallyl disulphide (both as mixtures of diastereoisomers ). The drug also contains a complex mixture of sesquiterpene umbelliferyl ethers mostly with a monocyclic or bicyclic terpenoid moiety. Resin consists of ester of asaresinotannol and ferulic acid, pinene, vanillin and free ferulic acid. On treatment of ferulic acid with hydrochloric acid, it is converted into umbelliferone (a coumarin) which gives blue fluorescence with ammonia.

6.  Chemical tests:- Tritura t ion with water gives a yellowish orange emulsion. Drug + HNO 3 (50%) gives green color change. Fractured surface of the drug treated with sulfuric acid gives red or reddish brown color. Umbeliferone test: The drug is triturated with sand and 5 ml of HCl is added. Equal amount of water is added and mixed. It is filtered. To the filtrate equal amount of ammonia is added. Blue color fluorescence is obtained due to umbeliferone . Distinction from galbanum which directly gives blue fluorescence without trituration with sand.

7. Uses:- Carminative ,nervine stimul a nt , intestinal flatulence , laxative ,anti spasmodic , f lavouring agent . Adulterants : Asafoetida is adulterated with gum arabic , gypsum , red clay ,chalk ,slices of potato & barley or wheat flour.

8.  Marketed products:- Ingredient of preparations known as Madhudoshantak (Jamuna Pharma)

9. . Synonym s :- Gum-resin Myrrh ,Bol ,Myrrha. Biological source :- It is an oleogum resin obtained from the stem of Commiphora molmol Engler, belonging to family Burseraceae. Geographical Source: It is found in Arabian Peninsula, Africa.

10.  Cultivation & Collection:- When incisions are made in bark of tree ,they exudate yellowish – coloured resin It gradually hardens & becomes dark /reddish brown . This is collected in goat skins & sent to market

11.  Structure:- Macroscopy: Color-reddish brown Odour- aromatic Size- 1.5- 3cm(diameter) Shape-round/irregular

12.  Chemical constituents:- contains volatile oils – 10% gum – 60% resin – 25 -40% Chemical test:- Triturate with water Identification test:- yellowish brown  0.1g of sample +0.1g sand, triturate with solvent , allow to evaporate thin film gives violet colour.

13. Uses:- Stimul a nt & antiseptic Adulterants & substituents:- Substituted by Arabian myrrh Marketed products:- Ingredient in preparation of Yograj guggulu (Baidyanath)

14. Synonym s :- Rhizome zingiberis, Zingibere , Adrak , Allam Biological source :- I t consists o f t h e dried peeled or unpeeled rh i z o m e s o f Z i n g i b e r officinalis belonging o family Zingiberaceae . Geographical source:- Found in West Indies, India, Japan, Africa.

15. Cultivation & Collection:- cultivated as kharif crop Soil:loamy soil Irrigation: heavy water supply Climate:humid Ginger plants Cultivat e d in a field

16. Cultivation & Collection:- Sow the rhizomes (living bud) under sufficient rainfall conditions Supplement the plant with manures & fertilisers(ammonium phosphate ,potash etc.,) After 6 months leaves turn yellow & ready for harvesting. Dig the rhizomes & scrap , dry them & coat with calcium sulphate

17. Cultivation of ginger…..

18.  Structure:- Macroscopy: colour- buff colour odour- aromatic taste- pungent size-15cm(length) , 1.5-6.5cm(width) shape- short flat & ovate  Chemical constituents:- Contains volatile oils 1-2% (α - zingiberol , α –bisabolene etc ,) resin 5-8% .

19. Uses:- used as antiemetic,carminative,condiment. Adulterants :- Ginger is adultered with exhausted ginger & can be detected by determination of water – soluble ash , volatile oil contents etc. Marketed products: J.p syrup ( J amuna pharma) Hajmola ( D abur)

20. Synonym s :- G um gugg u l, s alai -g uggu l , scented bdellium. Biological source :- it is the oleo gum resin obtained by making incisions in the stem bark of Commiphora weightii , belonging to family Burseraceae. Geographical source:- Found in India

21.  Collection:- Gugg u l tree is a small thorny tree 4- 6 feet with tall branches Planted in hedges sometimes. remains without any foilage for most of the year It has ash coloured bark & comes off in rough flakes exposing inner bark This exudes a yellowish resin called gum guggul /guggulu which has balsamic odour Collected & dried

22.  Structure: Macroscopy Colour - brown to pale yellow/dull green Odour - aromatic Taste - bitter Size - 0.5 to 1.000 to 2.5cm in diameter Shape - round/irregular Solubility – insoluble in water partly soluble in alcohol

23.  Chemical constituents:- Contains steroids ,terpenoids , carbohydrates & aliphatic esters. Uses:- Used Anti – infammatory & Anti – rheumatic. Marketed product:-

24. COLOPHONY Synonyms – Chir, long needle pine Biological source – Colophony is the solid residue obtained after distilling the oleo-resin from various species of P inus- P inus longifolia, P inus palustris, P inus maritima . Family - Pinaceae

25.  Cultivation & collection:- The plant is injuried by making a long groove / blaze in the bark. A metal / earthen ware cup is attached below the groove to collect the exudate. The resin is collected at different intervals & sent for processing.

26. Structure:- Macroscopy: color - pale yellow - yellowish brown odour - faint tast e - turpent i ne shape - angular solubility – insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, CS 2 .  Chemical constituents:- Contains resin acid 90%(isomeric α, β, γ-abietic acid; 10% mixture of dihyd r oabietic acid,dehydroabietic acid) volatile oils 0.5% resenes 5-6%

27.  Chemical tests :- Powdered resin + acetic acid +conc.H 2 SO 4 purple violet colour Alc. Solution of colophony + water milky white  Identification tests:- 1g colophony + 10ml acetic anhydride & + H 2 SO 4 bright red to violet Alc. Solution of colophony is acidic to litmus

28.  Uses :- used as stimulant, diuretic. Used in manufacture of varnishes, soap, plastics, fire wood.  Adulterants & substituents :- colophony is adulterated with black resin/apic resin.

29. Synonyms – Gum benzoin , Luban , Loban , Sambrani , Lobana (Sumatra benzoin ) Biological source- Benzoin is the balsamic resin obtained from the incised stem of Styrax benzoin, Styrax paralleloneurus (Sumatra Benzoin), Family – Styraceae S i a m b e n zo i n – I t c on s i s t s o f bal s am i c r e s i n o f S t y r ax tonkinensis , Family - Styraceae

30.  Geographical source:- Sumatra benzoin- Found in South Eastern Asia. Siam benzoin- Found in Thailand, Vietnam.

31.  Cultivation & collection :- It is a pathological resin, collected from wild/cultivated trees(6 yrs old) Incisions are made near the base of tree Initially amorphous & yellow resinous substances is oozed out – not used in medicine The Next flow which oozes out is collected & used in medicine Solidified & drie d.

32.  Structure:- macroscopic: Sumatra benzoin Colour – greyish- brown Odour – aromatic Taste – sweetish Siam benzoin Colour – yellowish-brown Odour – vanilla Taste - sweetish

33.  Chemical constituents:- Sumatra Benzoin – contains free balsamic acids (benzoic& cinnamic acid) summaresinolic & siaresinolic acids Siam Benzoin – contains ester coniferyl benzoate(76%) Siam benzoin differ from Sumatra in contain ing sufficient cinnamic acid to give an odour of benzaldehyde.

34.  Chemical tests:- Alc. Solution benzoin + water 4ml KMnO 4 + Benzoin + warm benzaladehyde (sumatra benzoin) 2.5g benzoin + 10 ml ether+ shake milky white solution odour of + 2-3 drops H 2 SO 4 deep brown (sumatra) & deep purpl e red (siam)

35. Uses:- Used as carminative , diuretic. Marketed product:-