Respiratory_Joints_and_Clinical_Correlations (1).pptx

Respiratory joints

1. MOMAN IMRAN

2. What is a Joint? A joint = meeting point of two bones. Role: allows movement, provides stability. In respiration: joints of the thoracic cage move with each breath.

3. Main Respiratory Joints 1. Costovertebral joint – between rib head & vertebra. 2. Costotransverse joint – between rib & transverse process. 3. Sternocostal joint – between ribs & sternum. 4. Interchondral joints – between costal cartilages. (All allow expansion of chest during inspiration.)

4. 1- manubriosternal  JOINT Between: Manubrium ↔ Body of sternum Type: Secondary cartilaginous joint (symphysis) Function: Allows slight angulation during respiration

5. 2-COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINT 1 . Costovertebral Joints Between : Head of rib ↔ bodies of thoracic vertebrae (and intervertebral disc). Type: Synovial plane joint. Function: Allows slight gliding movements of ribs during respiration (raising & lowering of ribs).

6. 3- COSTOTRANSVERSE JOINT Costotransverse Joints Between: Tubercle of rib ↔ transverse process of corresponding vertebra. Type: Synovial plane joint. Function: Provides rotation and gliding, aiding in "pump-handle" (upper ribs) and "bucket-handle" (lower ribs) movements of respiration.

7. 4-COSTOCHONDRAL jOINT . Costochondral Joints Between: Ribs ↔ their costal cartilages. Type: Primary cartilaginous ( synchondrosis ). Function: Provide firm but flexible attachment of ribs to cartilage (no movement).

8. 5- ChondroSTERNAL JOINT Chondrosternal ( Sternocostal ) Joint Between: Costal cartilages of ribs 1–7 ↔ sternum Type: 1st joint → Primary cartilaginous ( synchondrosis ) 2nd–7th joints → Synovial plane joints Function: Firm attachment of ribs to sternum Allows slight movement during respiration Contributes to pump-handle movement (↑ anteroposterior diameter of thorax)

9. 6- INTERCHONDRAL JOINT 5 . Interchondral Joints Between: Costal cartilages of ribs 7–10. Type: Synovial plane joints. Function: Strengthen the costal margin, allow slight movement for expansion.

10. 7- INTERVERTEBRAL JOINT Between: Adjacent vertebral bodies of thoracic vertebrae (with intervertebral disc in between) Type: Secondary cartilaginous joint Allows limited movement (flexion, extension, rotation) of thoracic spine Contributes to overall flexibility of thoracic cage during respiration

11. Role of Respiratory Joints Pump-handle movement (upper ribs) → increases AP diameter. Bucket-handle movement (lower ribs) → increases transverse diameter. Together: help lungs expand & contract.

12. Xiphisternal joint Xiphisternal Joint Between: Body of sternum ↔ Xiphoid process Type: Primary cartilaginous joint ( synchondrosis ) → becomes ossified with age Function: Provides attachment for diaphragm, rectus abdominis, and transversus thoracis Marks the inferior limit of thoracic cavity

13. Link to Clinical Symptoms When these joints don’t move properly → symptoms appear in scenarios: • Pain in pleurisy (pleura & rib joints stretched). • Restricted expansion in flail chest. • Shift of mediastinum in pneumothorax (loss of normal rib movement). • Use of accessory muscles when joints alone can’t expand chest.

14. Clinical Correlation 1: Pleurisy • Inflammation of pleura. • Every breath → joints of ribs & pleura move → causes sharp chest pain. • Pain worse on deep inspiration, coughing, sneezing.

15. Clinical Correlation 2: Flail Chest • Multiple rib fractures → broken segment moves opposite to normal. • Joints on broken ribs fail to function properly. • Result: impaired ventilation, pain, paradoxical movement.

16. Clinical Correlation 3: Pneumothorax • Air in pleural cavity. • Chest expansion via rib joints is reduced. • Mediastinum shifts → shortness of breath, reduced lung expansion.

17. Clinical Correlation 4: Accessory Muscles • Normally: rib joints handle breathing. • In distress (asthma, COPD, pneumothorax, pleurisy): → Joints alone can’t expand chest. → Accessory muscles (sternocleidomastoid, scalene) used. • Seen as labored, effortful breathing.