Respiratory_System_Disorders_Presentation.pptx

Mefical

1. Respiratory System Disorders ARDS, Asbestosis, and Asthma Your Name Date

2. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) **Definition:** Acute respiratory failure due to fluid buildup in the lungs, leading to stiff lungs and impaired gas exchange. **Etiology:** Shock, sepsis, trauma, inhalation injury. **Risk Factors:** Severe infections, trauma, aspiration, pancreatitis. **Signs and Symptoms:** Hypoxemia, dyspnea, tachypnea, crackles, wheezing, cyanosis, restlessness. **Physical Examination:** Crackles, diminished breath sounds, accessory muscle use, cyanosis. **Lab Investigations:** ABG (low PaO₂, high PaCO₂), Chest X-ray (bilateral infiltrates), Pulse oximetry (<90%). **Medical Management:** Oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, diuretics, steroids, antibiotics. **Surgical Intervention:** Rare; ECMO in severe cases. **Nursing Interventions:** Monitor vitals, ABG, fluid balance, position in high Fowler’s. **Complications:** Respiratory failure, multi-organ failure, death. **Prevention:** Early treatment of infections, avoid lung injury.

3. Asbestosis **Definition:** Chronic lung disease caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers, leading to lung inflammation and fibrosis. **Etiology:** Prolonged exposure to asbestos fibers. **Risk Factors:** Mining, construction, shipyard occupations. **Signs and Symptoms:** Dyspnea, chest pain, dry cough, tachypnea, crackles. **Physical Examination:** Crackles, clubbing of fingers, cyanosis. **Lab Investigations:** Chest X-ray (linear opacities, pleural plaques), CT scan (fibrosis), ABG (low oxygen levels). **Medical Management:** Oxygen therapy, antibiotics for infections. **Surgical Intervention:** None specific; lung transplant in severe cases. **Nursing Interventions:** Administer oxygen, chest percussion, monitor respiratory status. **Complications:** Lung cancer (mesothelioma), respiratory failure. **Prevention:** Avoid asbestos exposure, use protective equipment.

4. Asthma **Definition:** Chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways causing bronchospasm, mucus production, and airway obstruction. **Etiology:** Allergens (extrinsic) or non-allergic factors (intrinsic). **Risk Factors:** Family history, allergies, respiratory infections, environmental triggers. **Signs and Symptoms:** Wheezing, dyspnea, chest tightness, cough, tachypnea, accessory muscle use. **Physical Examination:** Wheezing, prolonged expiratory phase, cyanosis, retractions. **Lab Investigations:** ABG (low PaO₂, high PaCO₂), PFT (↓FEV₁), Chest X-ray (hyperinflation). **Medical Management:** Albuterol, steroids, leukotriene modifiers, anticholinergics. **Surgical Intervention:** Rare; bronchial thermoplasty in severe cases. **Nursing Interventions:** Monitor respiratory status, administer medications, teach inhaler use. **Complications:** Status asthmaticus, respiratory failure. **Prevention:** Avoid triggers, use peak flow meter, follow asthma action plans.