Retraction of papers in journals and Predatory journals .pptx

Retraction of papers in journals and Predatory journals

1. Retraction of the papers in Journals and Predatory Journals Group 11 Presenter- Namita Paudel Adhikari Moderator-Suraj Shah Moderator- Anik Dash Technical coordinator-Ishfaq Rasool Gujree

2. Outlines Section 1-Retraction of the papers in journals Background Reasons Statistics Possible ways to prevent General Scenario— Worldwide & China based Section 2-Predatory Journal Background Introduction Common characteristics Harm to scholars and science How to avoid them? Helpful resources and Examples 2

3. Background Research is simply unfinished until you publish your experiments or ideas for others to read Publications is verification of your work by second person; recognition and acknowledgement as experts Article Retraction It contains infringements of professional ethical codes Journal Editors shall act in accordance with COPE’s Retraction Article Correction Honest error. The Author or Contributor list is incorrect Article Withdrawal Paper may contain errors, may have accidentally been submitted twice or may be in violation a journal’s publishing ethics guidelines Article Replacement In cases where an article, may pose a serious health risk, the authors of the original paper may wish to retract the flawed original and replace it with a corrected version. Article removal Problems are very serious in nature and cannot be addressed by a Retraction or Correction notice 3

4. What are the common reasons of Retraction? Plagiarism and Duplication ("self-plagiarism") Data Fabrication and Manipulation Fake Peer Reviews and Publisher Error Authorship Issues and Legal Reasons Not Reproducible Watch Efficiency and Pressure to publish 4 Adapted from j. You/science; (data) retraction watch; methodology

5. Requesting an article retraction In the case of honest errors , retraction can be instigated by the paper’s authors or by the journal In the case of ethical misconduct , an investigation is typically launched by the journal after having received a complaint from a reader Emailing the editor-in-chief of the journal directly Article information : The paper’s identifying information such as title, authors and publication date Concern with the article : The error or intentional deception that you believe this article contains Reasoning : How you identified or discovered the error or deception Any steps you have already taken: you may have already reported this to your institution’s ethics committee 5

6. Journal actions on receiving a retraction request Ideally, Immediate reply to an email to discuss your concerns, and will give their ultimate decision In the case of ethical misconduct and claim is credible, launch an investigation following the established guidelines If the journal decides a retraction is required, it will publish a retraction notice: Clearly relate to the original article by citing the title and linking to the original article State the reason for the retraction clearly, specifying who is retracting the article (e.g. all of the authors, some of the authors or the journal itself) Publishing promptly and be freely available to all readers 6

7. What does statistics tell us? 7 Adapted from j. You/science; (data) retraction watch; methodology

8. What’s about the China? Source: http://retractiondatabase.org/RetractionSearch.aspx 8

9. More on China.. Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), and the Ministry of Education (MOE) National Natural Science Foundation of China NSFC Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and China Association of Science and Technology (CAST) 9 Adapted from Zeng, W., & Resnik, D. (2010)

10. What can be done to avoid retraction? Follow the relevant ethics guidelines Clearly state any conflicts of interest (COIs) Take measures to avoid plagiarism Declare all author affiliations Select a journal wisely 10

11. Section 2 Background Introduction Common characteristics Harm to scholars and science How to avoid them? Helpful resources and Examples

12. Background In 2008 Jeffrey Beall, a librarian at the University of Colorado in Denver coined the term “ predatory publishers ” Beall’s list became a widely followed piece of work by the mid-2010s In January 2017, Beall removed the list from his blog, scholarlyoa.com. Allegedly, Beall "was forced to shut down his blog due to threats and politics Cabells launched the Journal Blacklist , a subscription based searchable database of predatory journals in 2017 Since its launch in 2017 the database has grown to cover more than 13,000 predatory journals, and is now known as Predatory Reports 12

13. Predatory Journal Predatory publishing practices include falsely claiming to provide peer review , hiding information about article processing charges , misrepresenting members of the journal’s editorial board, and other violations of copyright or scholarly ethics (Elmore & Weston, 2020) They offer to publish articles in return for a fee , but they do not offer services with regard to quality control and editing as you would expect from a blind peer reviewed scientific journal Some journals are predatory on purpose, while others may make mistakes due to neglect, mismanagement, or inexperience 13

14. Common characteristics of predatory journals Claims to be a peer-reviewed open-access publication but does not provide adequate peer review Advertises a Journal Impact Factor or citation metric on website that is incorrect or cannot be verified Publishes all articles for which authors pay an APC even if the article is low quality Editorial board includes people who do not exist and mimics name or website of other well-known, legitimate journals Aggressively targets potential authors through e-mails  14

15. How common are predatory journals? As of 2015, there were an estimated 996 predatory publishers (including 447 publishers of standalone journals) that published over 11,800 journals Of those, roughly 8,000 journal titles were active and published a total of approximately 420,000 articles Roughly 15% of articles published in predatory journals are from United States authors. However, this accounts for less than 1% of the United States ' total research output 15 Source: Shen et al., (2015) and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (2022)

16. No list to rule them all Assessments of which journals are likely to be predatory or legitimate do not tally, and titles can appear in both categories There is no way to know which journals were considered for a list but left off or which were not considered (Grudniewicz et al., 2019) 16 Adapted from strinzel et al., (2019)

17. How the scam works? Predatory journals exploit a new publishing model by claiming to be a legitimate open-access operation Online predatory publishers take advantage of the Gold Open Access model. Predatory journals make false claims to lure unwary authors into submitting papers While sending a predatory journal a manuscript may see it "published" but no guarantee of inclusion in indexes like Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus It's important to realize that being Open Access does not make a journal predatory, their behavior does. 17

18. How the scam works? Classic Gold Open Access Journal Predatory Journal 18 Adapted from Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) 2018

19. What’s the harm? For the researcher/ its institution / funder: Lack of credibility: paper won’t be seen as a proper scientific peer-reviewed article Acceptability: paper won’t be accepted in an another journal Lack of visibility: predatory journals are not included in proper databases Lack of long-term storage: article can get removed without any notice Editorial issues: predatory publishers often put contributors on their editorial board(without their consent)

20. What’s the harm? For Science itself: Difficulty to distinguish good peer-reviewed articles from low quality papers Decrease of general science quality Almost impossible to obtain a retraction Waste of resources(good research do not get the visibility they deserve)

21. Helpful tips to determine predatory journal Are there spelling or grammatical mistakes or other questionable characteristics on their website or in the solicitation e-mail? Is the peer review process clearly stated on the website? Does the website clearly state the publishing fees? Is the journal indexed in databases that you use,18 such as MEDLINE19 for biomedical journals? Can you easily contact the publisher? Is the journal a member of the Committee on Publication and Ethics (COPE) or Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) or listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) 21

22. Resources for identifying predatory journals Paid/Subscription resources Cabells International Cabells’ Whitelist Cabells’ Blacklist  Journal Citation Reports (JCR) 22 Free resources ThinkCheckSubmit.org The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) SCImago Journal Rank National Library of Medicine (NLM) catalog  Stop Predatory Journals

23. Examples of predatory journals 23 Source: https://www.openacessjournal.com/blog/predatory-journals-list/

24. Can we link them? 24 Retraction of Papers Majorly occurs due to authors It can be related with correction of scientific integrity Here we can question the authors role and reviewers responsibility Predatory Journals Publishing House/Journals are responsible Often prey on innocent researchers who are unaware of the threats of predatory publishing Predatory journals is majorly a honey trap with promise of prosperity for pseudo-researchers

25. References Campos- varela I. & Ruano-ravi A. (2019). Misconduct as the main cause for retraction . A descriptive study of retracted publications and their authors. 33, 356–360 COPE Council. COPE Retraction guidelines — English. https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.1.4 Version 2: November 2019 Elmore, S. A., & Weston, E. H. (2020). Predatory Journals : What They Are and How to Avoid Them . 48 (4), 607–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192623320920209 Grudniewicz , A., Moher, D., & Cobey , K. D. (2019). Predatory journals: no definition, no defence . Jeffrey Beall - Wikipedia. En.wikipedia.org. (2022). Retrieved 28 March 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Beall. Resnik D.B., Wager E. & Grace E. (2015). Retraction policies of top scientific journals ranked by impact factor. J Med Lib Assoc 103, 136–139 Shen, Cenyu and Bo-Christer Bjork. "'Predatory' open access: a longitudinal study of article volumes and market characteristics." BMC Medicine 13, no. 1 (2015). Strinzel, M., Severin, A., Milzow, K., & Egger, M. (2019). Blacklists and whitelists to tackle predatory publishing: a cross-sectional comparison and thematic analysis.  MBio ,  10 (3), e00411-19 . Yeo- teh N.S.L. & Tang B.L. (2021). An alarming retraction rate for scientific publications on Coronavirus Disease 2019. Accountability in Research 28, 47–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2020.1782203 Zeng, W., & Resnik, D. (2010). Research integrity in China: problems and prospects. Developing world bioethics, 10(3), 164-171. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02445-8 https://www.cwauthors.com/article/how-to-avoid-article-retraction https://www.science.org/content/article/what-massive-database-retracted-papers-reveals-about-science-publishing-s-death-penalty https://authorservices.taylorandfrancis.com/publishing-your-research/after-publication/corrections-to-published-articles/#:~:text=A%20Correction%20notice%20will%20be,competing%20interests%20of%20the%20authors. 25

26. 26 Thank you !! Let's have a discussion!!