Review of Literature presented and prepared by Mohd Ashraf Bhat

This PPT will helps to acquaint about Literature review, it's importance in Research, How to do review of Literature and much more..

1. PRESENTED BY: MOHD ASHRAF BHAT DEPTT. OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE. UNIVERSITY OF DELHI REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2. CONTENTS Introduction Literature Review Why Literature Review Steps In Literature Review Functions Of Literature Review Purpose Of Literature Review Importance Of Literature Review Sources Of Information Types Of Literature Review Structure Of Literature Review Styles Of Writing Language And Writing Good Vs Poor Literature Review Issues To Be Addressed Conclusion And References

3. INTRODUCTION Research refers to a search for knowledge. It is a systematic method for the original contribution to the existing stock of knowledge consisting of various steps. The foremost step is the definition of the research problem. Once it has been formulated by the researcher, he/she should undertake an extensive survey of related literature connected with the problem. The main objective of this literature review is to determine whether any data source exists already that can be brought to bear the problem in hand. For this purpose, the academic journals, conference proceedings, government reports, books, etc. must be tapped government reports, books, etc. must be tapped depending on the nature of the problem.

4. What is literature review ? A literature review can be defined as “the selection of available documents (both published and unpublished) on the topic, which contain information, ideas, data and evidence written from a particular standpoint to fulfil certain aims or express certain views on the nature of the topic and how it is to be investigated, and the effective evaluation of these documents in relation to the research being proposed”. Hart, 1998 A literature review is an account of previously published material by experts and researchers in a particular area of interest. The literature review gives the author an opportunity to reference previous research publications to provide strengths and weaknesses of the research. The literature review should provide the author with a base of knowledge from which they will build upon with knowledge that they provide to the area of interest. Procter, 2004

5. Collection works A collection of a body of works done by earlier scientists is technically called the literature review. A comprehensive overview Comprehensive overview of prior research regarding a specific topic. Time Analysis reported research in a specified subject area over a certain period of time. Known and unknown What is known about a topic, and what is not yet known about the topic. Synthesis Informative, critical and useful synthesis of a particular topic. Concise examination Concise examination and discussion of evidence in a particular area . LITERATURE REVIEW Cont..

6. Idea of latest development Get an idea about the latest developments in the field of our topic. Spot the gaps of knowledge We can spot the gaps within the existing body of knowledge relating to our research topic. Position of research We can specify the position of our research in the field of the area of knowledge. Know the author Shows that the author possesses a firm understanding of the topic. Weakness and shortcomings We will get an idea about the weakness and shortcomings of the prior pieces of literature. Foundation All researches are build on the foundation of existing knowledge In the field. WHY LITERATURE REVIEW ?

7. STEPS IN LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Define your topic. The first stage is to define your task, which entails picking a topic and writing down any questions you have about it. This will provide a focal point for your strategy in step II, as well as prospective search terms in step III. 2. Create a strategy. Accessing out where the information might be and determining the best methods for finding those types of sources are all part of the strategy. The strategy section indicates which research databases should be used for which goals. 3. Locate the relevant data. In this phase, you put the plan you devised in step two into action by looking for specific articles, books, technical reports, and so on. 4. Utilize and evaluate the data. After you've found relevant and valuable material, you'll study and analyse it in step IV to see if it's useful for your project and credible as a source. Cont..

8. 5. Synthesize. You'll make sense of what you've studied and demonstrate your understanding in step V. You will be able to utilise your own words to support and explain your research endeavour and its relationship to current research by others after you have thoroughly understood, organised, and integrated the material (become knowledgeable). 6. Evaluate your work. You should evaluate your work at each stage of the process. Ascertain that your job is complete and of a good standard. 7. Write the review. After the literature study is completed, it's time to think about how the review will be structured and written. The ability to explain your findings in such a way that they illustrate your expertise in a clear and consistent manner is the key to a solid academic paper. STEPS IN LITERATURE REVIEW Ling pan, 2016, p. 2

9. Functions Of Review Of Literature Source: Hart (1998, p.27)

10. Purpose of literature review Summarise, assess, and compare relevant and noteworthy papers or studies on your topic. Draw attention to important findings. Search the literature for discrepancies, gaps, and contradictions. Provide an analysis of other academics' methodology and approaches. Give hints as to where future research will go or to suggest areas to focus on. Avoid duplicating work that has previously been completed.

11. IMPORTANCE OF LITERATURE REVIEW IMPROVE YOUR RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOCUS ON RESEARCH PROBLEM CATER KNOWLEDGE BASED ON RESEARCH AREA CONTEXUALISING RESEARCH FINDINGS ENSURE NOVELITY IN YOUR WORK

12. Improve Your Research Methodology Literature review helps you to acquire methodologies used by other researchers to find and solve research questions similar to the ones you are investigating. It will explain the procedures other researchers used and methods similar to the ones you are proposing. It will give you an idea whether the methods other researchers used worked for them and what are the problems they faced. By doing a review of literature, you will become aware of pitfalls and problems and could strategize well to select a methodology that you feel will suit your research work better.

13. Review of literature could help you shape your research problem because the process of reviewing the literature helps you to understand the subject area better and thus helps you to conceptualize your research problem clearly and precisely. In addition, it also helps to understand the relationship between your research problem and body of knowledge in your research area. Focus On Research Problem

14. One of the most important objectives of literature review is to ensure that you read widely around the subject area in which you intend to conduct research study. It is fundamental that you know what others are doing in your field of interest or the similar topic you have been working on as well as understanding theories that have been put forward and gaps that exist in the particular field. M. phil and PhD candidates are expected to be experts in their area of study, therefore a thorough review of literature helps to fulfil this expectation. Cater Knowledge Base On Research Area

15. Obtaining answers for your research questions is easy. The difficulties lies in how you examine your research findings in the existing body of knowledge. How do you answer your research questions compared to what other researchers concluded? What is the new knowledge contribution from your research work? How are your findings distinguished from those of other researchers? To answer these questions, you need to go back to the review of literature. It is important to put your findings in the context of what is already known and understood in your field of research. Contextualizing Research Findings

16. By doing a review of literature, you do not run the risk of “reinventing the wheel” meaning that wasting efforts on trying to rediscover something that is already known or published in the research arena. Therefore, through literature review, you could ensure novelty and new contribution in your research work. Ensure Novelty In Your Work

17. Sources Of Information For Review Of Literature NON DOCUMENTARY DOCUMENTARY PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY CONT..

18. PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY Periodicals
Research Reports
Conference Proceedings
Patents
Standards
Trade Literature
Theses And Dissertations Indexing Services
Abstracting Services
Review Of Progress
Reference Works
Treatises
Monographs
Text Book Yearbooks And Directories
Bibliography Of Bibliographies
List Of Research In Progress
Lists Of Abstracting And Indexing Services
Guide To Literature
List Of Accession Sources Of Information For Review Of Literature

19. SUBJECT GATEWAYS Today, lot of literature is available on internet for which one needs to spend sufficient time in searching by going through vast amount of junk information. To solve this problem, a lot of research has been done by information professionals and subject experts who have created subject gateways to include high quality resources only. Examples:- BUBL information service Librarians' Internet Index Pinakes : a subject launchpad E-Print network Intute Renardus

20. 1 TYPES OF LITERATURE REVIEW 2 4 3 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW SEMI-SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (NARRATIVE REVIEW) INTEGRATIVE REVIEW DESCRIPTIVE REVIEW (MAPPING REVIEW)

21. A systematic review can be explained as a research method and process for identifying and critically appraising relevant research, as well as for collecting and analyzing data from said research. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

22. The semi-systematic or narrative review approach is designed for topics that have been conceptualized differently and studied by various groups of researchers within diverse disciplines and that hinder a full systematic review process ( Wong et al., 2013 ). That is, to review every single article that could be relevant to the topic is simply not possible, so a different strategy must be developed. Besides the aim of overviewing a topic, a semi-systematic review often looks at how research within a selected field has progressed over time or how a topic has developed across research traditions. This approach holds that the research process should be transparent and should have a developed research strategy that enables readers to assess whether the arguments for the judgments made were reasonable, both for the chosen topic and from a methodological perspective. This type of analysis can be useful for detecting themes, theoretical perspectives, or common issues within a specific research discipline or methodology or for identifying components of a theoretical concept (Ward, House, & Hamer, 2009). SEMI-SYSTEMATIC OR NARRATIVE REVIEW

23. Descriptive Literature Reviews Or Mapping Literature Review

24. In comparison to the semi-structured review, an integrative review usually has a different purpose, with the aim to assess, critique, and synthesize the literature on a research topic in a way that enables new theoretical frameworks and perspectives to emerge (Torraco, 2005). Most integrative literature reviews are intended to address mature topics or new, emerging topics. In the case of mature topics, the purpose of using an integrative review method is to overview the knowledge base, to critically review and potentially reconceptualize, and to expand on the theoretical foundation of the specific topic as it develops. For newly emerging topics, the purpose is rather to create initial or preliminary conceptualizations and theoretical models, rather than review old models. This type of review often requires a more creative collection of data, as the purpose is usually not to cover all articles ever published on the topic but rather to combine perspectives and insights from different fields or research traditions. An integrative review method should result in the advancement of knowledge and theoretical frameworks, rather than in a simply overview or description of a research area. That is, it should not be descriptive or historical but should preferably generate a new conceptual framework or theory. INTERG ATIVE REVIEW

25. STRUCTURING A LITERATURE REVIEW HEAD BODY (MAIN PART) CONCLUSION Source: https://gradcoach.com/literature-review-structure/

26. STYLES OF WRITING Theoretical Approach Thematic Approach Chronological Approach Methodological Approach A literature review is often used to discuss various theories and key concepts. By using this approach, you can argue the relevance of a particular theoretical method. Similarly, you can also combine different theories to make a new framework for your research. This type of approach helps to organize the review into subsections. Each section will discuss a different aspect of the chosen topic. It is the simplest approach to structure your literature review. However, do not just summarize and list the sources. Instead, analyse the critical debates, research, and patterns that have shaped the direction of the field. Also, discuss your interpretation of the developments. It helps to compare the outcomes of gathering sources from different research methods. It may include the analysis of: Results emerged from a qualitative vs quantitative approach. Discussion of the topic through an empirical and theoretical approach. Division of the literature into historical, and cultural sources .

27. Language And Writing

28. Good Literature Review Poor Literature Review A Good Literature Review is organized around a coherent set of questions. A Poor Literature Review rambles from topic to topic without a clear focus. A Good Literature Review critically evaluates the quality of the research according to clear criteria. A Poor Literature Review simply summarizes research findings without critical evaluation. A Good Literature Review uses quotes, illustrations, graphs, and/or tables to present and justify the critical analysis of the literature. A Poor Literature Review simply lists studies without presenting any critical evidence in the form of quotes, illustrations, graphs, and/or tables.   A Good Literature Review takes the form of a logical argument that concludes with a clear rationale for additional research. A Poor Literature Review does not present a logical argument and fails to build a clear rationale for additional research.   A Good Literature Review is interesting to read because it is clear, coherent, and systematic in its organization and presentation. A Poor Literature Review is boring or obtuse because of the overuse of jargon and pretentious language and the lack of organization. A Good Literature Review has an accurate and up-to-date bibliography that adheres to recognized style Guidelines. A Poor Literature Review has inaccurate or missing references that are poorly formatted.

29. Issues To Be Addressed

30. CONCLUSION The main purpose of a literature review is to critically analyse the extant literature in a given research area, theme or discipline, identifying relevant theories, key constructs, empirical methods, contexts, and remaining research gaps in order to set a future research agenda based on those gaps. Literature review brings the reader up to date on the range of ideas and knowledge that has been established on a topic.

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32. Guides: Write a Literature Review: Seven Steps to Writing a Literature Review. (2022). Retrieved 20 March 2022, from https://guides.lib.uoguelph.ca/c.php?g=130964&p=5000948 Hart, C. (1998).  Doing a literature review: Releasing the social science research imagination . Sage. How To Structure Your Literature Review (With Examples) - Grad Coach. (2022). Retrieved 22 March 2022, from https://gradcoach.com/literature-review-structure/ King, W. R., & He, J. (2005). Understanding the role and methods of meta-analysis in IS research. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 16(1), 32. Knopf, J. W. (2006). Doing a literature review.  PS: Political Science & Politics ,  39 (1), 127-132. Cont..

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