Reviewing of the Literature---- research

Reviewing of the Literature help to understand the research process

1. D R. SANTOSH KUMAR MBBS, MD (KGMU) ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE GSVM MEDICAL COLLEGE, KANPUR

2. WHY????????? 1.Bring clarity and focus to your research problem; 2.Improve your research methodology; 3.Broaden your knowledge base in your research area; and 4.Contextualise your findings.

3. Characteristics of a Good Quality Review of Literature G ood review of literature must be comprehensive and should include up-to-date references It should be systemic It should be free from bias

4. Characteristics of a Good Quality Review of Literature It should be well written It should be in the form of sum of its parts It should be clearly searched and selected Accurate references should be given in the review

5. Steps For Literature Review Searching for the existing literature in your area of study Reviewing the selected literature. Developing a theoretical framework. Developing a conceptual framework.

6. Searching for the existing literature The sources that you can use to prepare a bibliography: Books Journal articles Internet ( Pubmed , Google, etc )

7. Accessing PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/

8. Search “Breast Cancer screening

9. Apply filters “5 year”

10. Filters “clinical trail”

11. Then go for “ free full text”

12. What are Boolean How to use these Booleans are OR, AND & NOT ( All the Boolean operators used in capitals)

13. Truncation or Wildcard A symbol at the end of a word stem provides for all variants on the word stem. The most commonly used symbol is the asterisk (*). Example: educat * will retrieve  educate, educating, education, educational, educator, educators, etc .

14. Reviewing the selected literature While going through the literature you should carefully and critically examine it with respect to the following aspects: Examine to what extent the findings can be generalized to other situations . Note the theories put forward, the criticisms of these and their basis, the methodologies adopted (study design, sample size and its characteristics, measurement procedures, etc.) and the criticisms of them .

15. Reviewing the selected literature Notice where there are significant differences of opinion among researchers and give your opinion about the validity of these differences. Ascertain the areas in which little or nothing is known – the gaps that exist in the body of knowledge

16. Developing a theoretical framework The theoretical framework focuses on the section which is the basis of your study In writing about your literature you should start with the general information, gradually narrowing it down to the specific.

17. Developing a conceptual framework Unless you review the literature in relation to framework, you will not be able to develop a focus in your literature search: that is, your theoretical framework provides you with a guide as you read. T he conceptual framework describes the aspects you selected from the theoretical framework to become the basis of your enquiry.

18. Writing about the literature reviewed To provide a theoretical background to your study To enable you to contextualise your findings in relation to the existing body of knowledge in addition to refining your methodology

19. A literature review is an account of the previous efforts and achievements of researchers on a phenomenon. It helps to compare with other previous study. And a good review of literature is the foundation for a good research. THANK YOU