Revision_OAK_B_band_ educational practice

Revision

1. Date: 15 th June 2023 The KPA will cover all of the topics covered in Y7, these are listed below. Biology Term 1 – Cells (5 marks) Term 2 – Reproduction (5 marks) Term 3 – Ecology (10 marks) Chemistry Term 1 – Particles (5 marks) Term 2 – Atoms and bonding (5 marks) Term 3 – Chemical reactions (10 marks) Physics Term 1 – Energy (5 marks) Term 2 – Waves (5 marks) Term 3 – Forces (10 marks) How to use the revision booklet: Read the fact files then cover them and add as many facts as you can to the brain dump. Check the fact file again, anything you missed can be added with a different coloured pen. Answer the questions to check your knowledge. If there are any questions you cannot answer, go back to your fact file and brain dump and revise that section again. Check your answers on FROG!

2. What : Read the facts below from the cells topic. Biology - Cells How : Cover over the facts and make a mind map of everything you can remember. Then look at the facts again and add anything you missed in a different coloured pen. Both Plant and Animal Nucleus – holds the DNA. Mitochondria – site of respiration, where energy is released. Cytoplasm – where chemical reactions occur. Ribosomes – make proteins. Cell Membrane – controls what enters and leaves. Only Plant: Chloroplasts – have chlorophyll for photosynthesis. Vacuole – holds cell sap which has sugar and water. Cell Wall – made of cellulose supports and protects the cell. Microscopes - magnify specimens using an eyepiece and objective lens. Eye piece X10, objective X20 = total magnification is 10X 20 = X200.     Adaptations of a Bacterial Cell They have no nucleus – chromosomal DNA instead. Plasmids which are extra DNA Cell wall – supports but doesn’t have cellulose. Flagellum – tail to move. Using microscopes – Place the specimen on a slide and cover with a cover slip. Place the slide on the stage and view through the eyepiece with the lowest objective lens, turn the focussing wheel until the picture is clear. Change to a higher magnification lens if required. Cells Animal cells Plant cells Bacteria cells Microscopes

3. What : Read the facts below from the reproduction topic. Biology - Reproduction How : Cover over the facts and make a mind map of everything you can remember. Then look at the facts again and add anything you missed in a different coloured pen. Fertilisation A sperm and egg cell fuse together during fertilisation. The egg hardens to stop other sperm entering. The fertilised egg ( zygote ) will divide into a ball of cells called an embryo . The embryo then implants into the lining of the uterus and continues to grow into a foetus Menstrual cycle The menstrual cycle is on average a 28 day cycle that involves menstruation, ovulation and the preparation of the uterus lining for pregnancy. Day 1-5 : Menstruation occurs: the uterus lining sheds out through the vagina. Day 6-13 : The uterus lining builds back up again. Day 14 : Ovulation occurs: An egg is released out of an ovary Days 15-28 : The uterus lining is maintained (stays thick). Id an egg is not fertilised the cycle starts again and the lining breaks down (a period). If an egg is fertilised the cycle stops and the lining is maintained. Gametes (sex cells) Sperm cell – Male sex cell. Uses its tail to swim to the egg cell to fertilise it. Egg cell – Female sex cell. Contains lots of nutrients and cell membrane hardens when one sperm enters. Reproduction Male reproductive system Gametes Fertilisation Female reproductive system Menstrual cycle

4. What : Read the facts below from the ecology topic. Biology - Ecology How : Cover over the facts and make a mind map of everything you can remember. Then look at the facts again and add anything you missed in a different coloured pen. Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide + Water  Glucose + Oxygen A chemical reaction that happens in the chloroplasts. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll that traps light energy from the sun to allow the plant to make its own food ( glucose ). Ecology Ecosystems Testing a leaf for starch Photosynthesis Factors affecting photosynthesis Factors affectin g the rate of photosynthesis Light intensity : When light is the limiting factor, increasing the light intensity will increase the speed of photosynthesis. However, when extra light does not increase the rate something else is a limiting factor. Carbon dioxide concentration : When carbon dioxide is the limiting factor, increasing the concentration will increase the speed of photosynthesis. However, when extra carbon dioxide does not increase the rate something else is a limiting factor. Temperature : The rate of photosynthesis is very slow at low temperatures. When the temperature gets too high enzymes responsible for photosynthesis denature and the rate of photosynthesis falls. Testing a leaf for starch Boil the leaf Place the leaf in boiling Ethanol to remove the green chlorophyll Rinse the leaf with water Place the leaf on a white tile and drop Iodine on to the leaf If starch is present, the leaf will turn black. Ecosystems – key terminology Ecosystem - A community of organisms living alongside the non-living conditions. Biodiversity – The variety of living species in an ecosystem Community – The range of organisms living in a habitat. Population – All the organisms of one species in a habitat. Abiotic factors – Non-living factors that affect a community. Biotic factors – Living factors that affect a community.

5. Check : Complete the exam style questions below to check your knowledge. If you struggle to answer the questions go back and read your mind map again and then have another try! Biology Topic 1 – Cells Recall the 3 extra parts found in a plant cell but not an animal cell ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Explain the function of the cell membrane ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Explain how to use a microscope to view an eyelash ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A microscope has an eyepiece lens with magnification x10 and an objective lens with a magnification of x30. Calculate the total magnification for the microscope ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Topic 2 – Reproduction Recall the part of the male reproductive system where sperm is produced ________________________________ Explain what happens at the end of the menstrual cycle (day 28) ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Explain how an embryo is formed ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Explain how an egg cell and a sperm cell are adapted to suit their functions ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Topic 3 – Ecology Recall the equation for photosynthesis _______________________________________________________________ Explain one factor that affects the rate of photosynthesis ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Define abiotic factors and give an example ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Describe how to test a leaf for starch ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What : Read the facts below from the particles topic. Chemistry - Particles How : Cover over the facts and make a mind map of everything you can remember. Then look at the facts again and add anything you missed in a different coloured pen. State changes Solid  Liquid  Gas The particles gain energy (from heat) and start to move around more (more kinetic energy) and the particles spread out. Gas  Liquid  Solid The particles lose energy (from cooling) and start to move around less (less kinetic energy) and the particles get closer together. Particles State changes States of matter Separation techniques Solid Regular arrangement, close together, vibrating. Liquid Irregular arrangement, close together and moving. Gas Random arrangement, far apart and moving fast in all directions. Separation techniques Filtration Used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid. The mixture is passed through the filter paper, the solid (residue) is trapped in the filter paper and the liquid (filtrate) passes through and collects in a beaker. Evaporation Used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid. The solution is heated and the liquid evaporates away leaving the solid behind. Chromatography Used to separate soluble substances from each other such as ink and dyes. The ink is places on the baseline of the chromatography paper and the paper is placed in water, with the water level below the baseline. As the water rises the ink dissolves and separates into different components.

7. What : Read the facts below from the atoms and bonding topic. Chemistry – Atoms and bonding How : Cover over the facts and make a mind map of everything you can remember. Then look at the facts again and add anything you missed in a different coloured pen. Charge of atoms All atoms are neutral because they contain the same amount of positive protons and negative electrons. The periodic table Calculating PEN Atoms and bonding Atom structure Compounds and mixtures Subatomic particle Mass Charge Protons 1 +1 Neutrons 1 Electrons 0.0005 -1 The periodic table Arranged into groups (columns) and periods (rows). Each element has its own unique symbol as shown below. The mass number = Number of protons + number of neutrons The atomic number = Number of protons (equal to the number of electrons). Calculating PEN Protons = atomic number Electrons = atomic number Neutrons = mass – atomic number Example: Protons = 6 Electrons = 6 Neutrons = 6 Electron configuration How the electrons are arranged on the shells. Shell 1 = Max. 2 electrons Shell 2 = Max. 8 electrons Shell 3 = Max. 8 electrons Example: Carbon (6 electrons) Compounds Two or more atoms chemically joined together. Mixtures Two or more elements or compounds not joined together.

8. What : Read the facts below from the chemical reactions topic. Chemistry – Chemical reactions How : Cover over the facts and make a mind map of everything you can remember. Then look at the facts again and add anything you missed in a different coloured pen. Equations Equations always have the format of: reactant  products Reactants are the things you add together in a chemical reaction, they go before the arrow in an equation. Products are the things you make in a chemical reaction, they go after the arrow in an equation. Example word equation: Magnesium + Oxygen  Magnesium oxide Example symbol equation: 2Mg + O 2  2MgO Symbol equations must be balanced. This means that there has to be an equal number of each atom in the reactants and in the products. Some reactions are reversible, they are shown by the reversible reaction arrow: Chemical reactions Chemical and physical changes Complete and incomplete combustion Equations Chemical and physical changes During a physical change there is no new product made and the change is reversible. An example of a physical change woul d be a state change such as melting. During a chemical change a new product is formed and the change is irreversible. An example of a chemical change would be baking a cake. Complete and incomplete combustion Complete combustion occurs when there is enough oxygen for the fuel to burn completely. The products of complete combustion are carbon dioxide and water. There are problems associated with these products; carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and water vapor can cause damp and mould. Incomplete combustion occurs when there is not enough oxygen for fuel to burn completely. There are extra products formed; carbon monoxide and carbon soot. There are problems with these products; carbon monoxide is a toxic gas and carbon soot can clog pipes and lead to fires, it can also damage lungs if inhaled.

9. Check : Complete the exam style questions below to check your knowledge. If you struggle to answer the questions go back and read your mind map again and then have another try! Chemistry Topic 1 – Particles Order the three states of matter from the most to least energy ________________________________ Describe the changes in the movement and energy of the particles when a substance evaporates ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Explain how to separate a mixture of sand and water using filtration and identify the residue and filtrate. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Identify the state change when a solid turns to a gas ________________________________ Identify the separation technique used to separate inks ________________________________________ Topic 2 – Atoms and bonding Describe the structure of an atom ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Calculate the PEN for Lithium Protons = Electrons = Neutrons = Sodium has a mass number of 23 and an atomic number of 11. Draw the electron configuration of Sodium. Explain the difference between an element and a compound ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Recall the mass and charge of a proton ________________________________________________________________ Topic 3 – Chemical reactions Hydrogen + Oxygen  Water Identify the reactants and products in this reaction ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Explain the difference between a chemical and physical change ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Identify the products of complete combustion ________________________________ Describe the problems with the products of incomplete combustion ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. What : Read the facts below from the energy topic. Physics - Energy How : Cover over the facts and make a mind map of everything you can remember. Then look at the facts again and add anything you missed in a different coloured pen. Energy Energy transformations Types of energy Thermal energy movement Energy transformations Energy is not created or destroyed. It changes from one type to another, this is called conservation of energy . When energy changes from one type to another this is called an energy transfer. We can identify energy transfers for different objects. Efficiency Efficiency is a measure of how much of the input energy is transferred into useful output energy. The higher the % the better! Example: A hair straightener requires 200J of electrical energy. 100J of this energy is converted to heat. What is the efficiency?   Movement of thermal energy Thermal energy can move from a hot area to a cold area by three different methods; conduction, convection and radiation. If heat passes through a material easily it is called a conductor , if it does not pass through easily it is called an insulator . Types of energy Kinetic : Movement energy e.g. cars Chemical : stored energy e.g. batteries, food Thermal: Heat energy e.g. fire, bulb Elastic : Stretching energy e.g. spring Nuclear : Energy in bonds e.g. nuclear bomb Light : Light energy e.g. sun Electrical : Energy that flows around a circuit e.g. Xbox GPE : Height energy e.g. rollercoaster at the top Sound : Noise energy e.g. ringing phone Efficiency

11. What : Read the facts below from the waves topic. Physics – Waves How : Cover over the facts and make a mind map of everything you can remember. Then look at the facts again and add anything you missed in a different coloured pen. Transverse waves Speed of a wave Waves Labelling waves Longitudinal waves Transverse and longitudinal waves All waves transfer energy and information (nothing else)! Waves move energy from one place to another. There are two types of wave; transverse and longitudinal. Frequency The number of waves per second. Measured in Hertz (HZ) Wavelength The length of ONE wave. Measured in metres (m) Amplitude The height from the middle of the wave to the top. Measured in meters (m). Transverse Vibrations are at right angles to the direction of the wave. Examples: EM waves, light, water waves Longitudinal Vibrations are parallel to the direction of the wave. Example: Sound Speed of a wave There are two equations for calculating speed of a wave. The equation you use will depend on he information you have been given.

12. What : Read the facts below from the forces and motion topic. Physics – forces and motion How : Cover over the facts and make a mind map of everything you can remember. Then look at the facts again and add anything you missed in a different coloured pen. Forces + Motion Resultant force Terminal velocity Forces Forces Forces are all vector quantities. They have both size and direction. Examples of common forces are: Resultant force When forces are balanced there is no resultant force and the object will be stationary or travelling at a constant velocity (steady speed). When forces are unbalanced there will be a resultant force and the object will be accelerating, decelerating or changing direction. Resultant force is the overall force acting on a object Example: Terminal velocity When an object first falls, air resistance is very small compared to weight. This means there is a large resultant force downwards and the object will accelerate . As it accelerates air resistance increases . The forces are still unbalanced but not as much as before. The object therefore still accelerates but not as much. Eventually air resistance increases so that it is the same size as the weight. This means the forces are now balanced and the object travels at a constant velocity . This steady speed is known as its terminal velocity.

13. Check : Complete the exam style questions below to check your knowledge. If you struggle to answer the questions go back and read your mind map again and then have another try! Physics Topic 1 – Energy Identify the type of energy stored in the following objects Rollercoaster at the top of the track:___________ _ A ball rolling across the floor: _________________ A cheeseburger: ___________________________ An elastic band: ___________________________ Describe the energy transformation for a kettle being boiled ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A television requires 1000J of electrical energy. 300J of this energy is converted to heat. The rest is converted to light and sound. Calculate the efficiency of the TV ________________________________________________________________________________________________ State the word to describe a material that does not conduct electricity or heat well _______________________________ Topic 2 – Waves Identify the wavelength and amplitude on this wave a = b = Define frequency ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Explain the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Calculate the speed of a wave that has a wavelength of 12m and a frequency of 2Hz ________________________________________________________________ Topic 3 – Forces and motion Identify the force which pushes a boat forwards ________________________________ Identify the forces acting on the duck which is floating on the water Calculate the resultant force acting on the car ________________________________ Explain what is meant by terminal velocity ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 120N 70N