RISC and ARM contollers Design-Philosophy.pptx

The above ppt is based on arm embedded system topics RISC design philosophy and ARM design philosophy

1. ARM embedded Systems. RISC Design Philosophy ARM Design Philosophy by AMIT

2. RISC Design Philosophy The Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) architecture prioritizes simplicity, high clock speed, and software flexibility. It emphasizes delivering powerful yet straightforward instructions. This philosophy contrasts with the Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) approach, which leans heavily on hardware for instruction functionality.

3. RISC Design Rules Instructions RISC processors have a limited number of instruction classes, each providing simple operations. Complex operations are synthesized by combining simple instructions, enhancing pipeline efficiency. Pipelines Instruction processing is divided into smaller units for parallel execution, advancing by one step per cycle. Decoded in one stage, eliminating the need for microcode as in CISC processors. Registers RISC machines boast large general-purpose register sets, functioning as a fast local memory store for all data. In contrast, CISC processors have dedicated registers for specific purposes. Load-store architecture The processor operates on data held in registers. Separate load and store instructions transfer data between the register bank and external memory. Memory accesses are costly, so separating memory accesses from data processing provides an advantage.

4. RISC vs CISC Comparison RISC Emphasizes a simple set of instructions. Each instruction performs a specific and simple operation. Optimized for fast execution with a focus on single-cycle instruction CISC Utilizes a large and varied set of instructions. Single instructions can perform complex operations. Designed to reduce the number of instructions needed for a specific task..

5. RISC Benefits Simplified Instructions Allow for high clock speed and single-cycle execution. Software Flexibility Greater intelligence due to reduced hardware complexity. Efficiency Achieved through fixed-length instructions and parallel execution in pipelines.

6. RISC Architecture Overview 1 Simplicity & Speed Characterized by simplicity, speed, and a focus on software flexibility. 2 Contrast with CISC Highlighting the hardware-dependent complexity of CISC. 3 Design Principles Contribute to efficient and high-performance processors.

7. ARM Design Philosophy Portable Embedded Systems ARM processors are designed with a focus on physical features tailored to portable embedded systems. Reduce Power Consumption Emphasizing the reduction of power consumption for extended battery life, crucial for mobile devices like phones and PDAs. Code Density Essential for embedded systems with limited memory due to cost and size constraints.

8. Key Requirements of ARM Design 1 Price-Sensitive Environment Utilizing slow and low-cost memory devices in price-sensitive embedded systems. 2 Cost-Effectiveness Aiming to reduce the die area occupied by the processor for cost-effectiveness. 3 Hardware Debug Technology Inclusion of hardware debug technology for software engineers to monitor code execution, aiding issue resolution and reducing development costs.

9. ARM Core Adaptations for Embedded Systems Hybrid Architecture ARM core not a pure RISC architecture due to the constraints of embedded systems. Performance & Power Consumption Focusing on total effective system performance and power consumption over raw processor speed. Code Optimization Introduction of Thumb 16-bit instruction set for improved code density.

10. ARM Instruction Set for Embedded Systems Variable Cycle Execution Enhances performance and code density for specific instructions like load-store-multiple instructions. Code Density Enhancement Inline barrel shifter adds complexity but enhances core performance and code density. Thumb 16-bit instruction set Support fast operations, including DSP instructions for 16×16- bit multiplier operations. Conditional execution This feature improves performance and code density by reducing Branch instructions Enhanced Instructions These instructions allow a faster-performing ARM processor in some cases to replace the traditional combinations of a processor plus a DSP

11. ARM's Popularity in Embedded Systems 1 Global Adoption ARM processor's additional features make it widely used in 32-bit embedded systems. 2 Global Production Many top semiconductor companies globally produce products based on the ARM processor. 3 Diverse Applications ARM's adaptability and features contribute to its popularity in diverse embedded applications.