River Pollution In India

This PPT is about the river pollution in India- Talks about Sutlej river and Koovam River. This PPT also talks about Elinor Ostram principle for management of the commons

1. Conservation of Rivers Abhisheik Angural 5 Kiran Sabrish 28 Partha sarkar 38 Ronnie deorie 46 Shubhi jindal 51

2. Agenda Why conserve rivers? Present scenario Causes of river pollution Common Pool Resources Stakeholder Analysis Property Rights Satluj river – A case study Cooum river – A case study Proposed solution

3. Why conserve rivers? Importance and uses: Source of food and water Power, transportation and infrastructure Aquatic life and other organisms Help maintain the ecosystem River pollution and ecological consequences

4. Present scenario Untreated sewage disposal and industrial effluents Some steps taken by government, e.g, Ganga Action Plan Water Act, 1974; Water Cess Act, 1977 Significance of informal regulation and role of community

5. Causes of river pollution Ever increasing sewage dumping and other human activities Ineffectiveness of formal institutions Gaps in administration and implementation of planned processes Lack of well defined property rights

6. Common Pool Resources Resource that benefit group of people In case of self-interest benefit diminishes It’s rivalry and Non-excludable in nature Ex: Land, water, forests etc River is a common pool resource Ex: Ganga in case of Varanasi

7. Stakeholder Analysis Wildlife Tourism Industries Nearby Community Transportation Services Marine life

8. Property Rights Duty of government, both state and central Individual level tough but collective level easy Rights of water, nearby land, fishing Accountability for maintaining and cleaning river Dependably should be taken into consideration Animal’s right should also be considered

9. Satluj river- The case study What is it about? How the Clean river Satluj gets toxic as it flows through Punjab? Sutlej's waters, which enters punjab at Bhakra Nangal are rated 'A' class (pure) at Nangal headworks . At Nangal due to effluents from NFL, PNFC and Punjab Alkalies , its toxity level increases . At kiratpur sahib, the addition of human ashes (crematory) Ropar (due to effluents from the Ropar Thermal Plant, DCM, Swaraj Mazda and United Pulp and Paper Mills) Its water become ‘E’ class at the confluence of Budha nullah in Ludhiana . It again becomes D class at when it meets East Bein or Chitti Bein (Rivulets) in the doaba region ahead of Jalandar .

10. Budha nallah : How it affects satluj ? Budha Nullah flows into Satluj at Ludhiana, the total coliform concentration just upstream of the junction in the river is 500 per 100 millilitre of water However, after confluence of Budda Nullah with Satluj , the concentration of T coliform reaches a staggering 65,000 per 100 ML of water. Here the fecal coliform concentration also reaches 40,000 per 100 ML. Sources revealed that the high concentration of F coliform could be harmful even for the food chain if that water were to be used for irrigation of crops.

11. Satluj water being used for irrigation

12. Actions by Government Bodies Punjab water supply and Sewerage board Installation, Upgradation , Operations and maintainance of STPs (STP Balloke 105 MLD, STP Bhattiyan 160 MLD, STP JamalPur 48 MLD). Also, Laying of sewer lines in remaining areas and connecting with the Sewerage treatment facilities/ But the facility required is Department of Industries and commerce Installation and commisioning of 3 CETP’s for dyeing clusters (CETP of capacity 15 MLD at Bahadake road) Municipal corporation, Ludhiana Removal of MSW lying dumpled along the banks of Budha nallah and its transportation to the earmarked MSW disposal sites. Also, Removal of MSW lying under/ nearby various bridges crossing Budhah nalla Deputy commisionar , Ludhiana Diversion of sullage of villages Department of Forest Greening of banks of Buddah nalla

13. Action of Govt.. Cont . 6. Punjab Pollution control board Installation of Green villages

14. Cooum river – A case study Then Now

15. Why this Case study? The most polluted river of India - report by Businessinsider.uk Aquatic organisms can’t survive even if after diluting the water 10 times Now “Cooum Crocodile” can be seen only in Museums Perfect example Common Pool Resource(CPR)

16. How? F ormation of sandbars near the river mouth Discharge of nearly 55 million litres of untreated sewerage waste More than 7 tonnes of solid municipal waste dumped into rivers Illegal encroachment

17. Littoral Drift Property of sea water to move the sand along the coast, in this case the sand moved from south to north Sand Bar formation attributed to the construction of Chennai port in the year 1881 Accumulation of sand along the south of harbour Negative Externality Problem haunting since 1900s 11 different projects between 1904 - 2014 , with an estimated cost of nearly Rs10,000 crore with no improvement Impact on health of people

18. Possible solution National institute of Ocean Technology suggested a groyne (breakwater) as the solution for the formation of Sand Bars C ooum eco-restoration project carried out by CRRT under CCRCP, as a part of this Parks are being built along the banks of the river to restore beauty Current restoration project costs Rs3834 Crore A well defined property rights Strict action against industries/Firms which abuse river Construction of fences

19. 8 Principles of Managing Commons- Elinor Ostrom Define clear group boundaries . Match rules governing use of common goods to local needs and conditions . Ensure that those affected by the rules can participate in modifying the rules . Make sure the rule-making rights of community members are respected by outside authorities . Develop a system, carried out by community members, for monitoring members’ behaviour .

20. Continued Use graduated sanctions for rule violators. Provide accessible, low-cost means for dispute resolution. Build responsibility for governing the common resource in nested tiers from the lowest level up to the entire interconnected system .

21. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Cooum_River http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Tamil-Nadu-budget-Govt-allocates-Rs-3834-crore-for-Cooum-restoration/articleshow/30336705.cms http://www.chennairivers.gov.in/Cooum-Restoration/about_cooum_river.html http://www.brighthub.com/environment/science-environmental/articles/122016.aspx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Longshore_drift http ://www.onthecommons.org/magazine/elinor-ostroms-8-principles-managing- commmons

22. References cont.. http://manuscript.sciknow.org/uploads/jecr/pub/jecr_1362336412.pdf http://www.sikhnet.com/news/river-pollution-punjab-clean-plan http://www.downtoearth.org.in/dte/userfiles/images/Annexure-R-2.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha_Nullah http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Clean-Satluj-gets-toxic-as-it-flows-through-Punjab-PPCB-report/articleshow/37421104.cms http://www.sciknow.org/article/detail/id/229 http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / pubmed /12968726

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