Rizal life and works CHAPTER 1-6 Rizal early life

RiZal early life

1. Chapter1:AdventofANationalHero
●TheBirthofaHero
-OnthemoonlitnightofWednesday,June19,1861Rizalwasbornin
thelakeshoretownofCalambaLagunaProvincePhilippines.
-Hismotheralmostdiedbecauseofhisbighead.
-OnJune22,attheageofthreeyearsoldhewasbaptizedbyFather
RufinoCollantes(whowasimpressedbyRizal’sbigheadandtoldthe
membersofthefamily:“Takegoodcareofthischild,forsomedayhe
willbecomeagreatman.”)
Godfather(ninong)
-FatherPedroCasanas
-NativeofCalamba
-ClosefriendoftheRizalfamily
Historybehindhisname“Jose”
-ItwaschosenbyhismotherwhowasadevoteeoftheChristiansaint
SanJose(St.Joseph)
-7thofthe11thchildren
LieutenantGeneralJoseLemery
-AtthetimeRizalwasborn,hewasthegovernorgeneralofthe
Philippines
-GovernedthePhilippinesfromFebruary2,1861toJuly7,1862
-AformersenatorinSpain(memberoftheupperchamberofthe
SpanishCortes)
June19,1861(Rizal’sBirth)
-HesentanofficialdispatchtotheMinisterofWarandMinisterof
UltramarinMadriddenouncingSultanPulalunofSuluandseveral
powerfulMorodatusforfraternizingwiththeBritishconsul.
AchievementsasGovernorwere:
1.Fosteringthecultivationofcottonintheprovinces
2.Establishingthepolitico-militarygovernmentsinVisayasand
Mindanao
●Rizal’sParents
Mother’sname:TheodoraAlonzoBealonda(1826-1911)
-ShewasborninManilaonNovember8,1826
-WaseducatedatthecollegeofSantaRosa,awell-knowncollegefor
girlsinthecity
-Aremarkablewoman,possessingthefollowing:
1.Refinedculture
2.Literarytalent
3.Businessability
4.FortitudeofSpartanwomen
-DiedinManilaonAugust16,1991attheageof85
-Beforeherdeath,thePhilippinegovernmentofferedheralife
pension.Butrejecteditbecauseherfamilyhasneverbeenpatrioticfor
moneyandifthegovernmenthasplentyoffundsanddoesknowwhat
todowiththem,betterreducethetaxes.
Great-grandfather
-EugenioUrsua
-MarriedtoaFilipinanamedBenigna
DaughterofEugenioUrsuaandBenigna
-Regina
-MarriedtoManueldeQuintos,aFilipino-Chineselawyerfrom
Pangasinan
DaughtersofManueldeQuintosandRegina
-Brigida
-MarriedtoLorenzoAlbertoAlonso,aprominentSpanish-Filipino
mestizoofBinan
Childrens:
1.Narcisa
2.Teodora(Rizal’smother)
3.Gregorio
4.Manuel
5.Jose

2. Father'sName:FranciscoMercadoRizal(1818-1898)
-BorninBinan,LagunaonMay11,1818
-DiedonJanuary5,1898attheageof80
-StudiedLatinandPhilosophyattheCollegeofSanJoseinManila
-Followinghisfather’sdeath,hemovedtoCalambaandbecamea
tenant-farmeroftheDominican-ownedhacienda.
-Hewasanindependent-mindedman,whotalkedlessandworked
more,andwasstronginbodyandvaliantinspirit.
-Rizalcalledhim“amodeloffathers”
TheodoraAlonzoBealondaandFranciscoMercadoRizal
-MarriedonJune28,1848
-SettleddowninCalamba
-Theyengagedinfarmingandbusinessandrearedabigfamily
●TheRizalChildren
-2boysand9girls
1.Saturnina(1850-1913)
-OldestoftheRizalchildren
-Nenengwashernickname
-Marriedto:ManuelT.Hidalgo
2.Paciano(1851-1930)
-OlderandonlybrotherandconfidantofRizalafterhisexecution
-RizalimmortalizedhiminhisfirstnovelNoliMeTangereasthewise
PilosopoTasio
-InalettertoBlumentritt,Rizalregardedhimasthe“mostnobleof
Filipinos”andthoughanIndio,moregenerousandnoblethanallthe
Spaniardsputtogether”
-JoinedthePhilippineRevolutionandbecameacombatgeneral
-InLosBanos,helivedasagentlemanfarmer
-DiedonApril13,1930,attheageof79
-Had2children(aboyandagirl)byhismistress(SeverinaDecena)
3.Olimpia(1855-1887)
-Ypiawashernickname
-MarriedtoSilvestreUbaldo,atelegraphoperatorfromManila
4.Lucia(1857-1919)
-MarriedtomarianoHerbosa,whowasanephewoffatherCasanas
-Diedofcholerain1889
-wasdeniedChristianburialbecausehewasabrotherinlawofRizal
6.Maria(1859-1945)
-Biangwashernickname
-MarriedtoDanileFaustinoCruzofBinan,Laguna
7.Jose(1861-1896)
-GreatestFilipinoheroandpeerlessgenius
-Pepewashernickname
-MarriedtoJosephineBracken,anIrishgirlfromHongKong
-Hadason(Framcisco)byher,butdiedafewhoursafterbirthand
buriedhiminDapitan
8.Concepcion(1862-1865)
-Conchawashernickname
-Diedofsicknessattheageof3
-Rizal’sfirstsorrowinlife
9.Josefa(1865-1945)
-Panggoywashernickname
-Diedanoldmaidin1951aged83
10.Trinidad(1868-1951)
-Triningwashernickname
-Diedanoldmaidin1951aged83
11.Soledad(1870-1929)
-Youngestofthemall
-Cholengwashernickname
-MarriedtoPantaleonQuinteroofCalamba
RizalalwayscalledhersistersDonaorSenora(ifmarried)andSenorita(if
single).

3. ●Rizal’sAncestry
-Wasaproductofthemixtureofraces
-Predominantly,hewasaMalayanandwasamagnificentspecimenof
Asianmanhood.
DomingoLameo
-Rizal’sgreat-greatgrandfather
-AchineseimmigrantfromFukienCityofChangchow,whoarrivedin
Manilaabout1690
-BecameChristian
-MarriedtoaChineseChristiangirlofManilanamedInesdelaRosa
andassumedin1731thesurnameMercadowhichwasappropriate
forhimbecausehewasamerchant.
FranciscoMercado
-SonofDomingoLameoandInesdelaRosa
-whoresidedinBritain
-marriedaChinese-Filipinomestiza,CerilaBernacha
-Waselectedgobernadorcillo(municipalmayor)ofthetown
JuanMercado(Rizal’sGrandfather)
-Oneoftheirsons
-MarriedCirilaAlejandro,aChineseFilipinoMestiza
-Had13children,theyoungestbeingFranciscoMercado,Rizal’sfather
-WaselectedgobernadorcilloofBinan
Mercado
-Meansmarket
●TheSurnameRizal
-WasMercado
-Adoptedin1731byDomingoLameo(thepaternal
great-great-grandfatherofJoseRizal)whowasafullbloodedChinese
-ButRizal’sfamilyacquiredthesecondsurnameRizalwhichwas
givenbyaSpanishalcaldemayor(provincialgovernor)ofLaguna,
whowasafamilyfriend.
●TheRizal’sHome
-OneofthedistinguishedstonehousesinCalamba,duringthe
Spanishtimes
-2storeybuilding,rectangularinshape,builtofadobestonesand
hard-woodsandroofedwithredtiles
-DescribedbyDr.RafaelPalma,oneofRizal’sprestigiousbiographers
●AGoodandMiddle-ClassFamily
-Rizalfamilywasbelongtoprincipalia,atownaristocracyinSpanish
Philippines
-Theyownedacarriage,whichwasastatussymboloftheilustradosin
SpanishPhilippinesandprivatelibrarywhichconsistedmorethan
1,000volumes
●HomeLifeoftheRizal’s
-Theyhadasimple,contentedandhappylife.
-Rizal’sparentslovethem,butneverspoiledthem
-Theywerestrictandtrainedthemthefollowing:
1.ToloveGod
2.Tobehavewell
3.Tobeobedient
4.Torespectpeopleespeciallytheoldfolks
-Rizalsprayedtogetherathomebecauseeverydaytheyheardmassin
thetownchurch,particularlyduringSundaysandChristianholidays.
1.TheAngelusatsunset
2.TheRosarybeforeretiringtobedatnight
Chapter2:ChildhoodYearsinCalamba
●CalambatheHero’sTown
-AnhaciendatownwhichbelongedtotheDominicanOrder
-Coveredwithirrigatedricefieldsandsugalands

4. -In1876,whenhewas15yearsoldandwasastudentinAteneode
ManilahewrotepoemUnRecuerdoAMiPueblo(InMemoryofmy
Town)
●EarliestChildhoodMemories
1.Hishappydaysinthefamilygardenattheageof3.
2.DailyAngelusprayer
3.HappymoonlitnightsattheAzoteawithhisnurse(aya)
whotoldstories.
4.Nocturnalwalkinthetown,especiallywhentherewasamoon.
●TheHero’sFirstSorrow
-ThedeathoflittleConchawhenhewas4yearsold.
●DevotedSonoftheChurch
-RizalgrewupagoodCatholic
-Attheageof3,hebegantotakepartinthefamily’s:
1.Prayers
2.Novenas
3.Religiousprocessions
-HismotheristheonewhotaughthimtheCatholicPrayers.
-Attheageof5,hewasabletoreadtheSpanishFamilyBible.
-Hewassodevoutthathewascalled“ManongJose”byHermanosand
HermanasTerceras.
-ThetownpriestFatherLeoncioLopezisoneofthemenheesteemed
andrespectedinCalambaduringhisboyhood.
●PilgrimagetoAntipolo
-June6,1868,JoseandhisfatherleftCalambatogoonapilgrimageto
Antipolotofulfillhismother’svow
-Theword“story”promisedsomethingnewandwonderful.
-Hismotheristheonewhotoldhimthefableoftheyoungmothand
theoldone.
-Thetragicfateoftheyoungmothwhich“diedamartyrtoits
illusions”leftadeepimpressiononRizal’smind.
-Hejustifiedsuchnobledeath,assertingthat“tosacrificeone’slifefor
it”meaningforanidealis“worthwhile”
●ArtisticTalents
-Attheageof5,hebegantomakesketches,withhispencilandto
mouldinclayandwaxobjects.
-Hepaintedinoilcolorsanewbannerthatdelightedthetownfolks
becauseitwasbetterthantheoriginalone.
-“Allright,laughatmenow!SomedaywhenIdie,peoplewillmake
monumentsandimagesofme.”istheresponseofRizalwhenhis
sisterslaughedathimforspendingtoomuchtimemakingthese
imagesratherthanparticipatingintheirgames.
●FirstPoembyRizal
-Hehadscribbledversesonloosesheetsofpaperandontextbooks.
-Hismotheristheonewhoencouragedhimtowritepoetrybecause
hismothernoticedhispoeticinclination.
-Attheageof3,Rizalwrotehispoeminthenativelanguageentitled,
SaakingmgaKababata(TomyFellowChildren)
●FirstDramabyRizal
-Hewrotehisfirstdramaticworkwhichwasatagalogcomedy.
-ItwasstagedinCalambafestival.
-AgobernadorcillofromPaete,atowninLagunawitnessedthe
comedyandpurchasedthemanuscriptfor2pesos.
●RizalasBoyMagician
-Withhisdexteroushands,helearnedvarioustrickssuchas:
1.Makingacoinpaperappearordisappearinhisfingers.
2.Makingthehandkerchiefvanishinthinair.
-Healsogainedskillinmanipulatingmarionettes(puppetshows).

5. -Heattendedtheperformancesofthefamousmagiciansoftheworld.
-Inchapter17and18ofhissecondnovel,ElFilibusterismo(Treason),
herevealedhisknowledgeofmagic.
●LakeshoreReveries
-WhereheusedtomeditateattheshoreofLagunadeBayonsad
conditionsofhisoppressedpeople.
-TheSpanishmisdeedsawakenedinhisboyishheartagreat
determinationtofighttyranny.
●InfluencesontheHero’sBoyhood
HereditaryInfluencefromhisMalayanAncestors
1.Loveforfreedom
2.Innatedesiretotravel
3.Indomitablecourage
Chineseancestors
1.Seriousnature
2.Frugality
3.Patience
4.Loveforchildren
SpanishAncestors
1.Eleganceofbearing
2.Sensitivitytoinsult
3.Gallantrytoladies
FromhisFather
1.Profoundsenseofself-respect
2.Loveforwork
3.Independentthinking
FromhisMother
1.Religiousnature
2.Self-sacrifice
3.Passionforartsandliterature
EnvironmentalInfluence
-TheiconicbeautiesofCalambaandbeautifulgardenoftherizal
familystimulatedtheinbornartisticandliterarytalentsofJoseRizal.
-Thereligiousatmosphereofhishomefortifiedhisreligiousnature.
-HisbrotherPaciano,instilledinhismindtheloveforfreedomand
justice.
-Fromhissisters,helearnedtobecourteousandkindtowomen.
-Thefairytalestoldbyhisayaduringhisearlychildhoodawakened
hisinterestinfolkloresandlegends.
TioJoseAlberto
-Inspiredhimtodevelophisartisticability
TioManuel
-Encouragedhimtodevelophisfrailbodybymeansofphysical
exercises,includinghorseriding,walkingandwrestling.
TioGregorio
-Intensifiedhisvoraciousreadingofgoodbooks.
FatherLeoncioLopez
-FosteredRizal'sloveforscholarshipandintellectualhonesty.
DeathofConcha1865andImprisonmentofhismother1871-17874
-ContributedtostrengthenRizal'scharacter
SpanishAbusesandCruelties
1.BrutalactsofLt.oftheguardiacivilandthealcalde
2.UnjusttorturesoninnocentFilipinos
3.ExecutionoffatherGomex,burgosandZamorain1872
AwakenedRizal’sspiritofpatriotismandinspiredhimtoconsecratehislife
andtalentstoredeemhisoppressedpeople.

6. 3.AidofDivineProvidence
-Rizalwasprovidentiallydestinedtobetheprideandgloryofhis
nation.
-Godhadendowedhimwiththeversatilegistsoggenius,thevibrant
spiritofnationalistandthevalianthearttosacrificefornoblecause.
Chapter3:EarlyEducationinCalambaandBinan
●TheHero’sfirstTeacher
-Washismother
-Attheageof3.,nhermother’slaphelearnedthealphabetandthe
prayers.
-Inhisstudentmemoirs,hewrote“MyMother”
MaestroCelestino
-FirstprivatetutorofRizal
MaestroLucasPadua
-SecondprivatetutorofRizal
LeonMonroy
-AformerclassmateofRizal’sfather
-Becametheboy’stutor
-LivedattheRizalhome
-InstructedJoseinSpanishandLatin
-Died5monthslater
●JoseGoestoBinan
-AfterMonroy’sdeath,Rizal’sparentsdecidedtosendhimtoprivate
schoolinBinan
-HewasaccompaniedbyhisbrotherPaciano,whoactedashissecond
father
●FirstDayinBinanSchool
TheSchoolofMaestroJustinianoAquinoCruz
-Theschoolwasinthehouseoftheteacher
-Smallnipahut
-30metersfromthehomeofJose’saunt
●FirstSchoolBrawl
-Josemetthebully,Pedro.
-Hewasangryforthisbullyformakingfunofhimduringhis
conversationwiththeteacher
-JosechallengedPedrotoafight.
-HavinglearnedtheartofwrestlingfromhisathleticTioManuel,
JosedefeatedPedroandbecamepopularamonghisclassmates.
AndresSalandanan
-Challengedhimtoarm-wrestlingmatch
-Jose,havingtheweakerarm,lostandnearlycrackedhisheadonthe
sidewalk.
●PaintingLessonsinBinan
Juancho
-Thefatherinlawoftheschoolteacher
-GaveRizallessonsindrawingandpainting
-RizalandJoseGuevarrabecameapprenticesoftheoldpainter
-Becamethe“favoritepaintersoftheclass”
●DailyLifeinBinan
-LedamethodicallifeinBinanwhichcontributedmuchtohisfuture
development.
-Itstrengthenedhisbodyandsoul.
●BestStudentinSchool
-JosebeatalltheBinanboys
-SurpassedthemallinSpanish,Latinandothersubjects

7. ●EndofBinanSchooling
-JosereceivedaletterfromhissisterSaturninainforminghimofthe
arrivalofthesteamerTalimwhichwouldtakehimfromBinanto
Calamaba.
-HeleftBinanonDecember17,1870after1yearand½ofschooling
inthattown.
-Hecollectedpebblesintheriverforsouvenirsandregretfulbade
farewelltohisteacherandclassmates
ArturoCamps
-Frechman
-Friendofhisfather
-Whotookcareofhimonboard
●MartyrdomofGom-bur-za(Gomez-Burgos-Zamora)
-TheexecutionofthreeFilipinoCatholicpriests-MarianoGómez,
JoséBurgos,andJacintoZamora,onFebruary17,1872,byorderof
GovernorGeneralIzquierdoinBagumbayan,Philippines.
-Thisisduetototheirinvolvementinthe1872Cavitemutiny
-Theywereknownforadvocatingforequalrightsamongpriestsand
leadingthecampaignforsecularizationinthePhilippines,which
challengedtheprivilegesenjoyedbythechurchandsparkedconflict
betweenreligiousandsecularauthorities.
-ThemartyrdominspiredRizaltofighttheevilsofthespanish
tyrannyandredeemhisoppressedpeople
●InjusticetoHero’sMother
-DonaTeodorawassuddenlyarrestedonamaliciouschargethatshe
andherbrotherJoseAlbertotriedtopoisonhiswifelivingwith
anothermanwhenhearrivedinBinan.
LieutenantoftheGuardiaCivil
-HappenedtohaveanaxtogrindagainsttheRizalFamily,because
DonFrancisco(Rizal'sFather)refusedtogivehimfodderforhishorse.
-Toavengehim,hearrestedDonaTeodorawiththehelpofCalamba’s
gobernadorcillo,AntonioVivenciodelRosario
SpanishLt.
-AfterarrestingRizal’smother,heforcedhertowalkfromCalambato
SantaCruz,adistanceof50kilometers.
-Thereshewasincarceratedattheprovincialprison,where2years
and½.
Chapter4:ScholasticTriumphsatAteneodeManila(1872-1877)
AteneodeManila
-AcollegeunderthesupervisionoftheSpanishJesuits
-FormerlycalledEscuelaPia(charityschool)aschoolforpoorboysin
ManilaandwaschangedtoAteneoMunicipalwhentheJesuits
returned,thenlaterbecameAteneodeManila
●RizalenterstheAteneo
-WenttomanilaonJune10,1872withPaciano
-HetooktheentranceexaminationonChristiandoctrine,arithmetic,
andreadingattheCollegeofSanJuandeLetran,andpassedthem.
HisfatherchangedhismindanddecidedtosendhimtoAteneo
instead.
-FatherMaginFerrandorefusedtoadmitRizalfortworeasons:
1.hewaslaterforregistration
2.hewassicklyandundersizedforhisage(11yrsold),butwas
reluctantlyadmittedatAteneobecauseofthenephewofFather
Burgos,ManuelXerezBurgos
-Firstofhisfamilytoadoptthesurname“Rizal”andregisteredunder
thisnamebecausetheirfamilyname“Mercado”hadcomeunderthe
suspicionoftheSpanishauthorities
●JesuitSystemofEducation
-Moreadvancedthanothercollegesinthatperiod
-Trainedthecharacterofthestudentbyrigiddisciplineandreligious
instruction;promotedphysicalculture,humanities,andscientific

8. studies;offeredvocationalcoursesinagriculture,commerce,
mechanics,andsurveying
-Studentsheardmassinthemorningbeforethebeginningofthedaily
classandclassesineverysubjectwereopenedandclosedwith
prayers.
-Studentsweredividedintotwogroups:
1.RED“Romanempire”internos(borders)
2.BLUE“Carthaginianempire”externos(non-boarders).
➢Beststudent-emperor
➢Secondbest-tribune
➢Thirdbest-decurion
➢Fourthbest-centurion
➢Fifthbest-standard-bearer
-Uniform:hempfabrictrousersandstripedcottoncoat(material-
rayadillo)
●Rizal’sFirstYearinAteneo
-FirstprofessorwasFr.JoseBechwhomhedescribedasa“tall,thin
man,withabodyslightlybentforward,aharriedwalk,asascetic
face,severeandinspired,smalldeep-sunkeneyes,asharpnosethat
wasalmostGreek,andthinlipsforminganarcwhoseendfelltoward
thechin.”
-Rizalwasplacedatthebottomoftheclassasheisanewcomerand
knowslittleofSpanish
-Hewasabrightpupilandwasawardedaprize:“HowpleasedIwas
whenIwonmyfirstprize,areligiouspicture!”Hewasproudofit
becauseitwasthefirstprizeheeverwonattheAteneo.
-HetookprivatelessonsinSantaIsabelCollegetoimprovehis
Spanish(whichhepaid3pesosfor)
-Heresentedsomeremarksofhisprofessorastowhyhedidnot
retainhisacademicsupremacy.Heplacedsecondattheendofthe
year,althoughhisgradeswerestillmarked“excellent”
●SummerVacation(1873)
-RizalreturnedtoCalambaforsummervacationanddidnotenjoyit
becausehismotherwasinprison.
-HissisterNeneng(Saturnina)cheeredhimbybringinghimto
Tanawan
-Hevisitedhismotherwithouthisfatherknowingandtoldherabout
hisacademicgradesinAteneo
-RizalthenreturnedtoManilaforhissecondyearterm
-HeboardedinIntramurosthistimeatNo.6MagallanesSt.,his
landladywasanoldwidownamedDonaPepar,whohadawidowed
daughterandfoursons.
●SecondYearinAteneo(1873-74)
-Nothingunusualhappened
-Hestudiedhardertoregainhislostclassleadershipandoncemore
becamethe“emperor”
-Newclassmates:threeboyfromBinanwhohadbeenhisclassmates
intheschoolofMaestroJustiniano
-Receivedexcellentgradesinallsubjectsandagoldmedalattheend
oftheschoolyear.
●ProphecyofMother’sRelease
-HeimmediatelyvisitedhismotherinSantaCruzandcheeredherup
withnewsofhisscholastictriumphsinAteneoandwithfunnytales
abouthisprofessorsandfellowstudents.
-DonaTeodoratoldhersonofherdreamsthepreviousnight-he
interpreteditasasignofherbeingreleasedfromprisoninthree
month’stime-whichactuallybecametrue.Barelythreemonths
time,shegotoutofprison,RizalwasalreadyinManilaattendinghis
classes.
-LikenedRizaltotheyouthfulJosephinthebibleinhisabilityto
interpretdreams.
●TeenageInterestinReading
-Summervacation1874inCalamba-Rizalbegantotakeinterestin
readingromanticnovels.
-Firstfavourite-TheCountofMonteCristobyAlexanderDumas
-Hisreadinghabithelpedenrichhisfecundmind.
-UniversalHistory-greataidinhisstudiesandenabledhimtowin
moreprizesinAteneo
-TravelsinthePhilippinesbyDr.FeodorJagor(German
scientist-travellerwhovisitedthePhilippines)-impressedhim
because(1)Jagor’skeenobservationsofthedefectsofSpanish

9. colonizationand(2)hisprophecythatsomedaySpainwouldlosethe
PhilippinesandthatAmericawouldcometosucceedheras
colonizer.
●ThirdYearinAteneo(1874-75)
-Aftertheopeningoftheclasses,hismotherarrivedandjoyouslytold
himthatshewasreleasedfromprison,andhewashappyofcourse.
-Rizal,however,didnotmakeanexcellentshowinginhisstudiesin
hispreviousyear:
➢Hisgradesremainedexcellentinallsubjects
➢Butwononlyonemedal-inLatin
➢FailedtowinthemedalinSpanishbecausehis
spokenSpanishwasnotfluentlysonorous
➢HewasbeatenbyaSpaniardwho,naturally,could
speakSpanishwithfluencyandwiththeright
accentuation.
-Hewasnotimpressedbyhisscholasticwork.
●FourthYearinAteneo(1875-76)
-June16,1875,hebecameaninternointheAteneo
-Fr.FranciscoPaulaSanchez,oneofhisprofessors,inspiredtheyoung
RizaltostudyharderandtowritePoetry,andhewasconsideredby
RizalashisbestprofessorintheAteneo.Describinghimas“modelof
uprightness,earnestness,andlovefortheadvancementofhis
pupils.”
-RizalresumedhisstudieswithvigorandzestbecauseofFather
Sanchez
-Toppedallhisclassmatesinallsubjectsandwonfivemedalsatthe
endoftheschoolterm
-Fivemedalsandexcellentratings
-Hewasextremelyhappyashehadsomewhatrepaidhisfathersfor
hissacrifices.
●LastYearinAteneo(1876-77)
-Hisstudiescontinuetofarewell.
-Heexcelledinallsubjects.
-The“prideofthejesuits”
●GraduationwithHighestHonor
-OnMarch23,1877,Rizalwhowas16yearsold,receivedthedegree
ofBachelorofArtswithhighesthonors.
●ExtracurricularActivitiesinAteneo
-Activemember,latersecretaryofareligioussociety,theMarian
Congregation
-AmemberoftheAcademyofSpanishLiteratureandtheacademyof
NaturalSciences(inclusivesocietiesintheAteneotowhichonly
Atheneanscouldqualifyforamembership)
FatherSanchez
-Withhisguidance,Rizalcultivatedhisliterarytalent
-HecontinuedtosolicitfatherSanchizhelpinimprovinghispoetry.
AgustinSaez
-Studiedpainting
RomualdodeJesus
-Filipinosculptor
-Studiedsculpture
TioManuel
-Withthehelpofhissport-mindedTiohecontinuedthephysical
traininghebegan,todevelophisweakbody.
-Hewasengagedingymnasticsandfencing.
●SculpturalWorksinAteneo
-HecarvedanimageoftheVirginMaryonapieceofbatikuling
(Philipiinehardwood)withhispocketknife.
FatherLeonart
-RequestedhimtocarveanimageofaSacredHeartofJesus
-TheAteneoboardingstudents,placeditonthedoorofthedormitory
-ItservesasareminderforallAteneansofDr.Rizalthegreatest
alumnusoftheirAlmaMater.

10. ●AnecdotesonRizal,theAtenean
1.RelatedtoanincidentofRizal’sschooldaysinAteneo,whichreveals
thehero’sresignationtopainandforgiveness.
2.RelatedbyManuelXerezBurgos,whichillustratesRizal's
predilectiontohelpthehelplessattheriskofhisownlife.
●PoemsWritteninAteneo
FatherSanchez
-InspiredRizaltomakeafulluseofhisGod-givengiftandpoetryand
improvedthelatter’spoeticalartbyopeninghismindtothe
enrichinginfluenceoftheworld’sliterature
1stPoeminhisdaysinAteneo
-MiPrimeraInspiración(MyFirstInspiration)
-Dedicatedtohismotherohherbirthdayexpressinghisfilialaffection
insonorousverses
●Rizal’sPoemsonEducation
-Hebelievedinthesignificantrolewhicheducationplaysinthe
progressandwelfareofanation.
-Hewroteapoementitled,“Througheducationourmotherland
receiveslight”
●Rizal’sReligiousPoem
-Duringhisstudentdays,heexpressedhisdevotiontohisCatholic
faith
-Hewroteamelodiouspoetryentitled,AlNinoJesus(TotheChild
Jesus)
-Waswrittenin1875whenhewas14yearsold
ALaVirgenMaria(TotheVirginMary)
-AnotherreligiouspoemRizalwroteafterhisodetotheChildJesus
●DramaticWorkinAteneo
FatherSanchez
-RequestedhimtowriteadramabasedontheprosestoryofSan
Eustacio,Martir(St.Eustace,theMartyr)
-Hewrotetherequestedreligiousdramainpoeticversesathishome
inCalamba.
-HefinisheditonJune2,1876
●FirstRomanceofRizal
-Thatpainfulexperiencewhichcomestonearlyalladolescents
SegundaKatigbak
-WasthegirlwhocausedRizal’shearttopalpitatewithstrange
ecstasy
-14yearoldBatanguenafromLipa
-SisterofhisfriendMarianoKatigbak
-RizalcametoknowSegundamoreintimatelyduringhisweeklyvisits
toLaConcordiaCollege,wherehissisterOlimpia(closefriendof
Segunda)wasaboardingstudent.
-However,atthattimeSegundawasengagedtobemarriedtoher
townmate,ManuelLuz
-DuetoRizal’sshynessandreservehetimidlyfailedtopropose.
Chapter5:MedicalStudiesattheuniversityofSantoTomas(1877-
1882)
●RizalenterstheUniversity
-heenteredUSTinApril1877andtookupPhilosophyandLetterwith
thereason;
1.Hisfatherlikedit
2.And,hewasuncertainastowhatcareertopursue
-Inthefirstyear,healsoStudiedCosmology,Metaphysics,Theodicy
andHistoryofPhilosophy.
-Dr,PabloRamon(rectorofAteneo),advisedhimtotakeupmedicine
●FinishingSurveyingCourseinAteneo

11. -VocationalcourseleadingtothetitlePERITOAGRIMENSOR(expert
surveyor)
-HeexcelledinallsubjectsinAteneo,obtaininggoldmedalsin
AgricultureandTopography.
-At17,hepassedthefinalexaminationinthesurveyingcourseand
grantedthetitleassurveyorinNovember25,1881
-HisloyaltyremainstoAteneo.Heisalsoactiveinthecurricular
activities:
1.PRESIDENTOFTHEACADEMYOFSPANISHLITERATURE
2.SECRETARYOFTHEACADEMYOFNATURALSCIENCES
3.SECRETARYOFTHEMARIANCONGREGATION
●RomancewithothergirlsinAteneo
-"MissL."(Whowasfairwithseductiveandattractiveeyes")
-Hisheartchangeduetotworeasons:He'sstillhungupbySegunda
Katigbakandhisfatherdidnotlikethefamilyofthisgirl
LeonorValenzuela(orang)
-Atallgirlwithregalbearing,wascourtedbyrizalwhilestayingat
DonaConchaLeyva'shouseinIntramuros
-Rizalsendsherinvisibleink(tablesaltandwater)andtaughther
hourtoreadit
-she'sfrailprettygirl"tenderasabuddingflowerwithkindlywistful
eyes”
-Theygotengagedbuttheyhidtheirrelationshipandsignsherletters
asTAIMIS
●VictimofSpanishOfficers’sBrutality
-Happenedduringthesummerof1878whilehewasafirstyearat
UST
-ThemanturnedouttobealieutenantoftheGuardiaCivil.
-BrutallyslashedthebackofRizalwithasword.
-RizalreportedtheincidenttoGen.PrimodeRivera,butnothing
happenedwithhiscomplaint.
-AletterdatedMarch21,1887,addressedtoBlumentritt,stated:"I
wenttotheCaptain-GeneralbutIcouldn'tobtainjustice,mywound
lastedtwoweeks
AlaJuventudFilipina(TotheFilipinoYouth)1879
-WrittenbyRizalwhenshewas18yearsold
-Submittedtotheliterarycontestheldbythesocietyofliterarymean
andartists
-TheboardofjudgescomposedofSpaniardswasimpressedandgave
itthe1stpricewhichconsistedof:Silverpen,Feathershapedand
decoratedwithagoldribbon
ThewinningpoemofRizalisaclassicinPhilippineliteraturefor2
reasons:
1.ThefirstgreatpoeminSpanishwrittenbyaFilipino,whosemerit
wasrecognizedbySpanishliteraryauthorities
2.Itexpressedforthefirsttimethenationalisticconceptthatthe
Filipinos,andnottheforeignerswerethe”fairhopeofthe
fatherland”
●TheCounciloftheGods(1880)
-RizalsubmittedanallegoricaldramaentitledElConsejodelosDioses
(TheCounciloftheGods)
-ItwasbasedontheGreekclassics
-HewasaidedbythekindfatherRecto
-TheallegoryestablishedaparallelamongHomer,Virgiland
Cervantes
-TheyawardedRizalthefirstprizebecauseofitsliterarysuperiority
overtheothers
-DespitetheobjectionsthatthewinningauthorwasanIndio,the
prizewasawardedtoRizal,agoldringonwhichwasengravedthe
bustofCervantes.
●OtherLiteraryWorks
1.ZarzuelawasJuntoalPasig(BesidethePasig),whichismediocre.
2.AFilipinas(1880),heurgedallfilipinoartiststoglorifythe
philippines
3.Abd-el-AzisyMahoma(1879)inhonoroftheAteneo’sPatroness
4.AlM,R.PPabloRamon,asanexpressionofaffectiontoFatherPablo
Ramon
●Rizal’sVisittoPakilandPagsanjan

12. -RizalwentonapilgrimagetothetownofPakil,famousshrineofthe
BirhenMariadelosDolores.
-WasaccompaniedbyhissistersSaturnina,Maria,andTriniddadand
theirfemalefriends.
-TheystayedatthehomeofMr.ManuelRegalado,whosesonNicolas
wasRizal’sfriendinManila
-Rizalinfatuatedbyaprettygirlcolegiala,VicenteYbardolaza
-FromPakil,Rizalandhispartymadeasidetriptotheneighboring
townofPagsanjanfor2reasons:
1.ItwasthenativetownofLeonorValenzuela,oneofRizal’sgirl
friendsinManila
2.ToseetheworldfamedPagsanjanFalls
●ChampionofFilipinoStudents
-RizalwasthechampionoftheFilipinostudentsintheirfrequent
fightagainstthearrogantSpanishstudents,whowereoften
surpassedbytheFilipinosinclassworkandwhoinsultinglycalled
brownclassmates,“Indio,Chongo!”
-Inretaliation,theFilipinostudentscalledthem“Kastila,bangus”
-In1880,RizalfoundedasecretsocietyofFilipinostudentsinthe
UniversityofSantoTomascalledCompanerismo(Comradeship)
-Memberswerecalled“CompanionsofJehu”
-Rizalwasthechiefinthissecretstudentsocietywithhiscousinfrom
Batangas,GalicanoApacibleassecretary
-RizalledtheFilipinostudentsintocombatagainsttheSpanish
studentsinvariousstreetfights.
●UnhappyDaysattheUST
-FoundtheatmosphereattheUSTsuffocatingtohissensitivespirit
-HewasunhappyatthisDominicaninstitutionofhigherlearning
because:
1.TheDominicanprofessorswerehostiletohim
2.TheFilipinostudentswereraciallydiscriminatedagainstbythe
Spaniards
3.Themethodofinstructionwasobsoleteandrepressive
●DecisiontoStudyAbroad
-RizaldecidedtocontinuehismedicalstudiesinSpain,wherethe
professorsweremoreliberalthanthoseoftheUST
-Hedidnotseekhisparentspermissiontogostudyabroad,because
heknewthatthey,especiallyhismother,woulddisapproveofit.
Chapter6:InSunnySpain(1882-1885)
●Rizal’sSecretMission
-Wastoobservekeenlythelifeandculture,languagesandcustoms,
industriesandcommerceandgovernmentandlawsofEuropean
nationsinordertopreparehimselfforthemightytaskofliberating
hisoppressedpeoplefromSpanishtyranny.
-LikewisedisclosedbyPacianoinhislettertohisyoungerbrother
datedManila,May20,1892
●SecretDepartureforSpain
-WaskeptsecrettoavoiddetectionbytheSpanishauthoritiesandthe
friars
-RizalusedthenameJoseMercado
JesusPriests
-Gavehimlettersofrecommendationtothemembersoftheirsociety
inBarcelona
●Singapore
-RizallandedatSingaporeonMay9andregisteredatHoteldelaPaz
-Therehespent2daysonasightseeingsoireeofthecity,whichwasa
colonyofEngland.
-Hesawthefollowing:
1.FamousBotanicalGarden
2.BeautifulBuddhisttemples
3.Busyshoppingdistrict
4.StatueofSirThomasStandfordRaffles(founderofSingapore)
●FromSingaporetoColombo
-RizaltransferredtoanothershipDjemnah,afrenchsteamerwhich
leftSIngaporeforEuropeonMay11

13. ●FirstTripThroughSuezCanal
-RizalsightedthebarrencoastofAfrica,whichhecalledan
“inhospitablelandbutfamous”
-Whatimpressedhimmostwasthebeautifulmoonlightwhich
remindedhimofCalambaandhisfamily.
-Rizalwasalsofascinatedtohearthemulti-racialinhabitants
speakingababeloftongues-Arabic,Egyptian,Greek,French.Italian,
Spanish,etc.
-ThiscanalwasbuiltbyFerdinanddeLesseps(french
diplomat-engineer)
-InauguratedonNovember17,1869
●Naples
-ThisItaliancitypleasedhimbecauseofits:
1.Businessactivity
2.Livelypeople
3.Panoramicbeauty
Marseilles
-Stayed2and½days,enjoyingeverydayofhissojourn
-HevisitedthefamousChateaud’ifwhereDantes,heroofTheCount
ofMonteCristo,wasimprisoned.
-LeftonJune15bytrain
FrontiertownofPortBou
-Noticedthefollowing:
1.IndifferenceaccordedbySpanishimmigrationofficerstotourists
2.IndirectcontrastwiththecourtesyoftheFrenchimmigration
officers
FirstImpressionofBarcelona
1.Hefoundittobereallygreatcitywithanatmosphereoffreedomand
liberalism
2.Itspeoplewereopen-hearted,hospitableandcourageous
●AmorPatrio(LoveofCountry)
-Nationalisticessay
-HisfirstarticlewrittenonSpain’ssoil
-SentthistohisfriendinManila,BasilioTeodoroMoran,publisherof
DiariongTagalog,thefirstManilabilingualnewspaper(Spanishand
Tagalog)
-AppearedinprintinDiariongTagalogonaugust20,1882,underhis
pen-nameLaongLaan.
-Urgedhiscompatriotstolovetheirfatherland,thephilippines
LosViajes(Travels)
-Secondarticle
-RequestedbyPublishedBasilioTeodoroMoran
RevistadeMadrid(ReviewofMadrid)
-3rdarticle
-HewroteinmadridonNovember29,1882
-WasreturnedtohimbecausetheDiariongTagaloghadceasedthe
publicationforlackoffunds
●ManilaMovestoMadrid
-CholerathatwasraginginManilaandtheprovinces
-ChattyletterofChengoyrecountingtheunhappinessofLeonor
Riverawhowasgettingthinnerbecauseoftheabsenceofalovedone
●LifeinMadrid
-OnNovember3,1882,RizalenrolledintheUniversidadCentralde
Madrid(CentralUniversityofMadrid)in2courses:
1.Medicine
2.Philosophy
AcademyofFineArtsofSanFernando
-Wherehestudiedpaintingandsculpture

14. -TooklessonsinFrench,GermanandEnglishunderprivate
instructors
HallofArmsofSanzyCarbonell
-Practicedfencingandshooting
●RizalledaSpartanLifeinMadrid
-Helivedfrugally,spendinghismoneyonfood,clothing,lodgingand
books
-Neverwastedapesetaforgambling,wineandwomen
-Spenthisleisuretimereadingandwriting,
-AttendingreunionsofFilipinostudentsatthehouseofPaterno
brothers
-Practicingfencingshootingatgymnasium
●RomancewithConsueloOrtigayPerez
-BeforehisromancewithConsueloOrtigayPerezcouldblossominto
aseriousaffair,hesuddenlybackedoutfortworeasons:
1.HewasstillengagedtoLeonorRivera
2.Hisfriendandco=workerinthepropagandamovement,Eduardode
Lete,wasmadlyinlovewithConsueloandhehadnowishtobreak
theirfriendshipbecauseofaprettygirl.
●TheyAskMeForVerses(MePidenVersus)
-RequestofthemembersofthesocietyofspaniardsandFilipinos
CirculoHispano-Filipino(Hispano-PhilippineCircle)
●RizalasLoversofBooks
-Purchasedbooksfromasecond-handbookstoreownedbyacertain
Senorroses.
-Wasabletobuildafair-sizedprivatelibrary
-Collectionofbooksincluded”
1.TheBible
2.HebrewGrammar
3.LivesofthePresidentsoftheUnitedStatesfromWashingtonto
Johnsonetc.
●Rizal’sFirstVisittoParis(1883)
-WascharminglytillatedbytheattractivesightsofParissuchas:
1.BeautifulBoulevards(ChampsElysses)
2.PlacedelaConcorde
3.ArchofTriumph
4.BoisdeBoulogne(magnificentpark)etc.
Onthelighterside,RizalwasmsitakenbytheParisiansasJapanese.The
pricesoffoods,drinks,theatretickets,laundry,hotelaccommodationsand
transportationweretoohighforhisslenderpursuesothathecommentedin
alettertohisfamily:“ParisisthecostliestcapitalinEurope”
●RizalasMason
-JoinedthemasoniclodgecalledAcaciainMadrid
-ReasonsforbecomingMasonwas:
1.Tosecurefreemasonry'saidinhisfightagainstthefriarsinthe
Philippines
2.TopersecutetheFilipinopatriotsbyutilisingfreemasonryashis
shieldtocombatthem
-BecameaMasterMasononNovember15,1890
-AwardedasMasterMasonbyLeGrandOrientdeFranceinParison
February15,1892
●FinancialWorries
-ThemonthlyallowanceofrizalinMadridwaslateinarrivaland
thereweretimeswhentheyneverarrived,causingmuchsufferingto
him.Thisisduetothefollowingreasons:
1.Theharvestofriceandsugarcanefailedbecauseofdroughtand
locusts.
2.Therentalsofthelandincreased

15. ●Rizal’sSalutetoLunaandHidalgo
-Luna’sSpolariumandHidalgo’sChristianvirginsExposedtothe
Populace
-HesalutedbothofthemasthetwogloriesofSpainandthe
Philippines
●RizalinvolvedinStudentDemonstrations
-Theuniversitystudentsriotedinthecitystreets,shouting,"Viva
Morayta!DownwithBishops!”
-Theywerearmedwithclubs,stonesandfists.
-ThesestudentdemonstrationswerecausedbytheaddressofDr.
MiguelMorayta,professorofhistory,attheopeningoftheacademic
yearonNovember20,inwhichheproclaimed“thefreedomof
scienceandteacher”
●StudiesCompletedinSpain
-Completedhismedicalcourse
-ConferredthedegreeofLicentiateinMedicinebyUniversidad
CentraldeMadridonJune21,1884
(1884-85)
-StudiedandpassedallsubjectsleadingtothedegreeofDoctorof
Medicine
-however,hewasnotawardedhisDoctor’sDiplomabecauseofthe
followingreasons:
1.Hedidnotpresentthethesisrequiredforgraduation
2.Hedidnotpaidthecorrespondingfees