Robotics & Embedded Systems

Presentation on Embedded System and Robotics.

1. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS & ROBOTICS Prof. Anish Goel

2. Embedded Systems We are surrounded by Embedded Systems. Cell Phones Automatic Washing Machines. Traffic Signals with Timers. Automobile Electronics. Find a system that contains no electronic system. How can a electronic system improve the functionality/efficiency of that system. Custom design an embedded system for the same. 2 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

3. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Embedded system means the processor is embedded into that application. An embedded product uses a microprocessor or microcontroller to do one task only. In an embedded system, there is only one application software that is typically burned into ROM. Example ： printer, keyboard, video game player 3 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

4. MICROPROCESSORS MICRO + PROCESSOR Length of transistor is in micron region. This length becomes half every eighteen months Moore ’ s Law stated by Gordan Moore. More transistors per chip. 4 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

5. Different aspects of a microprocessor/controller Hardware :Interface to the real world Software :order how to deal with inputs 5 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

6. Microprocessors: General-purpose microprocessor CPU for Computers No RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself Example ： Intel’s x86, Motorola’s 680x0 CPU General-Purpose Micro-processor RAM ROM I/O Port Timer Serial COM Port Data Bus Address Bus General-Purpose Microprocessor System Many chips on mother’s board 6 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

7. Microcontroller : A smaller computer On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports... Example ： Motorola’s 6811, Intel’s 8051, Zilog’s Z8 and PIC 16X RAM ROM I/O Port Timer Serial COM Port Microcontroller CPU A single chip 7 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

8. Basic Microcomputer System. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT MEMORY 8 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

9. Microprocessors and Computer Architecture. What is needed to make systems smart???? Human Brain !!! We are surrounded by microprocessors. Where are they??? In cell phones. In cars. Smallest electronic system you can think of. Largest system you can think of. They are there is Shoes as well. What???? In shoes??? What would a piece of semi-conductor do in a shoes? 9 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

10. Why Microprocessors? They will act as brain of the system. They add intelligence to the system. They can be programmed to perform a task. Once programmed, they make the system work automatically. Computer Architecture! Specialized branch that deals with the Microprocessor Architecture. For instance: What is the memory requirement of the system. How many input and output devices are to be connected to the system. 10 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

11. Block Diagram of a Computer 11 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

12. Layers of a Computer System High Level Sum := Sum + 1 Assembly MOV BX,SUM INC (BX) Machine 1101010100001100001000110111010111110 Register Transfer Fetch Instruction, Increment PC, Load ALU with SUM ... Gate Circuit 12 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

13. CPU PLATFORM ARM Power PC x86 Intel 8051 Atmel AVR MSP-430 MC68HC12 13 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

14. PERIPHERALS Serial Communication Interfaces (SCI): RS-232 , RS-422 , RS-485 etc Synchronous Serial Communication Interface: I2C , JTAG , SPI , SSC and ESSI Universal Serial Bus (USB) Networks: Ethernet , Controller Area Network , LonWorks , etc Timers: PLL (s), Capture/Compare and Time Processing Units Discrete IO: General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) Analog to Digital/Digital to Analog Converter (ADC/DAC) 14 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

15. MICROCONTROLLER over MICROPROCESSOR Single chip computer Integrated memory Integrated peripherals Minimum circuit Cost reduction 15 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

16. FEATURES OF A MICROCONTROLLER Central Processing Unit - ranging from small and simple 8-bit processors to sophisticated 32- or 64-bit processors Input/Output Interface such as serial ports Peripherals such as timers and watchdog circuits RAM for data storage ROM, EEPROM or Flash Memory program storage Clock Generator - often an oscillator for a quartz timing crystal, resonator or RC circuit 16 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

17. APPLICATIONS Calculators Washing Machine Microwave Ovens Cell phones Industrial Automation & Robotics Engines (Automobiles) “Footwear's” Cyborg 17 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

18. 32-bit Electronic Fuel Injection Systems (EFI) Electronic engine control for minimizing exhaust emissions and maximizing fuel economy Instrumentation for measuring vehicle performance parameters and for diagnosis of on-board system malfunctions Driveline control Vehicle motion control Safety and convenience Entertainment/communication/navigation 18 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

19. Control Outputs to Engine 19 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

20. INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION & ROBOTICS Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility (ASIMO) Most developed humanoid in the world. 20 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

21. AHS:( Advanced Cruise-Assist Highway Systems) Most advanced systems in the ITS field Reduces traffic accidents Enhances safety Improves transportation efficiency Reduces the operational work of drivers 21 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

22. ELECTRONIC SHOES by ADDIDAS Adapts to the environment Senses the cushioning level on every step & Understands whether the cushioning provided is too soft or too firm Adapts itself to provide the right level of cushioning Sensor, located just below the runner’s heel Takes 1,000 readings a second Accurate to a tenth of a millimeter Microprocessor capable of making five million calculations per second Adapts with a motor-driven cable system that spins at 6,000 rpm 22 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

23. What happens when a man is merged with a computer? First human Cyborg. Half man, half machine. Microprocessor chip inside his arm. Plans to integrate his brain with a Chip Prof. Kevin Warwick 23 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

24. ROBOTICS IS INTEGRATION OF: ELECTRONICS + MECHANICS + SOFTWARE = ROBOTICS 24 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

25. Nanorobots (Nanites) Based on nanotechnology. Robots having dimensions in the range of Nanometer. Mission to MARS in 2020 by NASA. 25 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

26. Sony’s- AIBO Robo-Dogs Emulates all the behavior of a Dog. Also used as a pet which takes care of house. Can control home devices. 26 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

27. EVOLUTION OR IS IT ? 27 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

28. Are the three Laws Really Safe ? 28 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

29. TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATIONS 29 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

30. PROJECTS DESIGNED & IMPLEMENTED USING MICROCONTROLLER 8051 Digital Data Acquisition System. Micromouse: An Autonomous Robot. Application Specific Industrial Robot. Industrial Automation Material handling system. 30 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

31. Digital Data Acquisition System. Temperature Monitoring, Recording & Control using 8051. Temperature Sensor:DS1621 Digital thermometer & Thermostat. Display Device: 16x2 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Memory: External RAM (32KBytes). Control using Electromechanical Relay. 31 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

32. MICROMOUSE Autonomous, maze solving robot. Touch Sensors used as input. D.C motors used as actuators . Brain: Microcontroller 8051. Chassis completely made out of scrap. 32 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

33. Application Specific Industrial Robot Designed for Specific Industrial Purpose. Mechanism on top provides X-Y axis movement. Vehicle provides movement in the plane. Automatic pick and place mechanism. 33 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

34. Thank you !!! But wait… This presentation is open source…. Log on to my website: www.discovermechatronics.blogspot.com You can view/download this presentation. You can brows my projects on this website. 34 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel