Role of Biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers in agriculture

Role of biofertilizer's in agriculture

1. Assigned by: Ma’am Sumbal Ali Presented by: Iqra Saeed Saia Kokab Khadija Nisar Touseef Ahmad Adeel Akram 2/6/2021 1 FERTILIZERS AND THEIR ROLE IN AGRICULTURE

2. Contents Introduction to Fertilizers Types of Fertilizers a) Single Fertilizers b) Compound Fertilizers c) Organic Fertilizers d) Inorganic Fertilizers Advantages and Disadvantages of fertilizers Summary 2/6/2021 2

3. Introduction to Fertilizers Definition: “Fertilizers are natural and synthetic materials used to supply the essential elements to the plant in a readily available form for the growth and development of plant” These compounds are given to plants either By soil____________ uptake by plant roots Foliar feeding______ uptake through leaves 2/6/2021 3

4. Introduction to Fertilizers Why Fertilizers are applied? Fertilizers are applied because they can provide: Certain elements ( N, P, K ) Nutrients Support plant growth Increase flowering Increase the yield of crops and fruits Increase soil fertility Increase soil aeration Increase Water holding capacity Provide deficient elements 2/6/2021 4

5. Essential Nutrients There are 17 essential nutrients which effect the growth of plants: 2/6/2021 5

6. Nutrients Natural Primary Secondary Micro Nutrients Nutrients Nutrients Nutrients Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Potassium Phosphorous Calcium Sodium Sulfur Magnesium Copper Molybdenum Manganese Cobalt Zinc Boron Iron 2/6/2021 6

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8. Types Of Fertilizers Single Fertilizers e.g NH 4 Cl, KCl , NH 4 NO 3 Compound Fertilizers e.g KNO 3 , Mono, Di, Tri Ammonium Phosphate Organic Fertilizers e.g Biofertilizers like Organic Manures, Composts etc. Inorganic Fertilizers e.g Artificial and Chemical Fertilizers 2/6/2021 8

9. Organic Fertilizers These are derived from Organic sources These can range from organic compost to cow manure Cow manure from a conventional farm Pesticides would not be considered organic fertilizers 2/6/2021 9

10. Types of Organic Fertilizers Organic Fertilizers can b categorized into following groups: Manures and compost Plant manures Plant stubble and residues Other fertilizers 2/6/2021 10

11. Animal Manure and Compost Animal manure consists of solid and liquid feces and litter Good quality manure is excellent source of organic nutrients Fresh manure may be available from the livestock operations Compost can be made from the materials such as yard waste, sawdust, manures and industrial by-products It usually has a dark brown appearance, granular in size and has a musty smell Commercially packed manures generally contain composted material litter. 2/6/2021 11

12. Green Manures Green fertilizing is a method in which, Plants are produced and their whole mass is turned into mass in soil They increase the soil fertility by incorporating nutrients and organic matter in soil Leguminous plants such as clove r are often use for this 2/6/2021 12

13. Plant, Stubbles and roots Residues The roots of cultivated plants play a significant role in the maintenance of the fertility, digestion of nutrients and improving the structure of the soil. They have a great advantage on the organic manures that they homogenously net in the soil and in this way the organic material distribution is even. 2/6/2021 13

14. Other Fertilizers There are some other fertilizers which include: Peet Lime Algae-Products a) Calcareous Algae b) Liquid product made of dried green and brown algae Bacterial and Microbial Fertilizers 2/6/2021 14

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16. Inorganic Fertilizers These fertilizers are made up of simple inorganic chemicals or minerals. Inorganic Fertilizer are used to distinguish the manufactured product from natural organic material of plant and animal. Specifications They are easy to store. They have analysis than organic fertilizer. They can be custom formulated for specific purpose. Easy to apply and can be applied uniformly. They available in liquid and solid form. Nutrients are readily available to plant 2/6/2021 16

17. Sources of Inorganic Fertilizers (majorly) Major sources of inorganic fertilizers which impart important characteristics on plant growth are:- Nitrogen Fertilizers (N) Phosphorous Fertilizers (P) Potassium Fertilizers (K) These are commonly called as NPK Fertilizers. 2/6/2021 17

18. Nitrogen Fertilizers Promotes rapid vegetative growth (leaf and stems) hastening recovery after mowing and imparting vigor to the turf. A vital element in the formation and function of chlorophyll–the key ingredient imparting dark green color. Synthesizes amino acids which in turn form protein. Regulates the uptake of other nutrients. Basic ingredient of vital compounds - Nucleic acid Commercial inorganic source include salt of ammonia and potassium. 2/6/2021 18

19. Ammonium Sulfate (N- Fertilizer) (NH4)2SO4 has been used in sugarcane and pineapple as on small farm. It contain 21%N and 11% S. It will lower soil pH if used continuously over long time. 2/6/2021 19

20. Urea ( N-Fertilizer) Urea is a type of nitrogen fertilizer which is white crystalline substance with the chemical formula NH 2 CONH 2 . It is highly water soluble. It contains 46% nitrogen Urea Manufacturing Raw material: Amonia (NH 3 ) Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Reaction: Urea is synthesized from NH 3 and CO 2 in two stage reaction. Formation of ammonium carbonate. 1.2NH 3 +CO 2 NH 2 COONH 4 2/6/2021 20

21. Synthesis of Urea Several parts Ammonium pumping Carbon dioxide compression Urea synthesis tower Distillation tower and flash drum Vacuum evaporator Prilling tower 2/6/2021 21

22. Phosphorous Fertilizers (P-Fertilizers) Animal manure is a source of Phosphorus. Commercial fertilizer are made primarily from Rock phosphate. Other commercial form are ammonium phosphate and triple super phosphate. They are water soluble. Ammonium Phosphate (P-Fertilizers) Ammonium phosphate (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 is salt ammonium and phosphate acid. It consists of ammonium cations and ammonium anoins . It is water soluble and aqueous solution on boiling losses ammonia. 2/6/2021 22

23. Synthesis of Ammonium phosphate Raw Material:- Basis=1000Kg of Diamonium phosphate Amonium =200Kg Phosphoric=465Kg Reaction: NH 3 +H 3 PO 4 NH 4 H 2 PO 4 2/6/2021 23

24. Potassium Fertilizers ( K-Fertilizers) Used to replenish soil supplies. Community fertilizer may purchase as potassium sulfate. The nitrate firm is more expensive. Used only for high premium crop such as vegetables and orchard plant. Potassium Chloride Fertilizers (K-Fertilizer) Potassium chloride is well suited for rice wheat , cotton and corn. Because of physiological acidity potassium can be used in neutral calcareous soil. It can be used as top dressing. Because Potassium Chloride fertilizer contain large amount of chloride, it will help to growth of seed. 2/6/2021 24

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26. Effects of Fertilizers Biofertilizers 2/6/2021 26

27. Effects on Agriculture Increase crop harvest yield . (from 20-37percent) (Algae on rice increase yield from 10-45percent) +)) Production of plant hormones. ( Phytohormones ) Protection from drought and soil borne disease. (Aquatic cynobact ),( azotobacter ) 2/6/2021 27

28. Effects on Environment Ecofriendly. Remove pollutants. Improve soil water holding capacity. Decrease soil erosion. Activate soil biologically. 2/6/2021 28

29. Advantages of Biofertilizers Decompose plant residues & stabilize C:N ratio in soil Stimulate plant growth by secreting growth hormones Secrete antifungal and antibiotic like substances No adverse effects on plants growth It also produce IAA ( indole acetic acid), Gibberellins, and vitamin B that catalyze the growth of crops and yields Cheaper then the commercial fertilizers, 200 grams of solid bio-fertilizers are available in Rs.6 while liquid bio-fertilizers are available in Rs.280/liter Can be used in paddy Crops( Rice) 2/6/2021 29

30. Disadvantages of Biofertilizers Specific to plants. Require skills to maintain In adequate awareness of use and benefits. Different machinery from that of chemical fertilizers. 2/6/2021 30

31. Effects of Chemical Fertilizers 2/6/2021 31

32. Advantages of Chemical Fertilizers Help in fight plant disease Increase root growth & make plant pest resistant It make poor soil fertile immediately Eliminate crop rotation Cheap & easy to use Make nutrients available to crops 2/6/2021 32

33. Disadvantages of Chemical Fertilizers Create dead zones Kill aquatic life Decrease water holding capacity in soil Increase soil erosion Kill nitrogen supplying microbes to plants Cause breathing problems & skin disease in farmers 2/6/2021 33

34. Any Question? 2/6/2021 34

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