role of biotechnology in agriculture

Biotechnology with agriculture is very useful in now a days and also in upcoming days. With the help of biotechnology we can produce better quality of crops and also increase the yield. The produces are also free from pests.

1. Role of biotechnology in agriculture Presented by, Ruchi Priya ABM-08

2. content Introduction History Plant tissue culture Agriculture applications Why agriculture biotechnology is important Benefits of biotechnology in agriculture conclusion

3. introduction The term ‘Biotechnology’ was coined in 1917 by Hungarian engineer Karl Erky to describe a process for large scale production of pigs. Biotechnology can be defined as application of technology using the living organisms to obtain useful products.

4. Biotechnology can also be defined as any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms or derivatives there of to make or modify products or processes for specific use.

5. Agriculture biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocess in agriculture and food production.

6. history The story of the use of biological systems for the fulfillment of human needs perhaps started in 6000 BC when Sumerians and Babylonians fermented a kind of beer. Fermentation, antibiotic production, baking and brewing are included in traditional biotechnology, whereas techniques related with cell culture, fusion, bioprocessing , genetic engineering etc. were named as modern biotechnology.

7. Plant tissue culture Plant tissue culture is the technique of growing plant cells, tissues and organs in an artificial prepared nutrient medium static or liquid, under aseptic conditions.

8. Plant tissue culture A plant part Is cultured Callus grows Shoots develop Shoots are rooted; plant grows to maturity

9. Gene gun DNA vector is coated onto gold or tungsten particles Particles are accelerated at high speeds by the gun Particles enter plant tissue DNA enters the nucleus and incorporate into chromosome

10. Enhancement in nutritional in plant tissue culture Fruits with vaccines Grains with improved nutrition

11. Tomato with delayed in ripening

12. Agricultural applications Transgenic plants Organisms in which foreign DNA has been artificially incorporated into its genome. Major crop plants produced by genetic engineering techniques have been so welcomed by farmers that currently a third of the corn and about three-quarters of the soybean and cotton grown are varieties developed through genetic engineering.

13. Similarly, foods derived from transgenic plants have been called “GMO foods,” “GMPs” (genetically modified products), and “biotech foods.” While some refer to foods developed from genetic engineering technology as “biotechnology enhanced foods,”

14. Following are a few examples of benefits resulting from applying currently available genetic engineering techniques to agricultural biotechnology. Increased crop productivity Enhanced crop protection Improvements in food processing Improved nutritional value Better flavour Benefits for developing

15. Somaclonal variation The production of plantlets by callus regeneration, cell suspensions, protoplast cultures, present some deviations with regard to the mother plant. This is a way to increase the genetic variability. 1n 1976, a pelargonium cv velvet rose was created by this technique.

16. Application of Somaclonal variation Improvement of existing clonal cultures. Sugarcane variety- Pindar Parent- Ono Pusa jai kisan (mustard) Parent- Varuna selections for higher yield and disease resistance. Potatoes- yield and disease resistance ( kufri sps ) Improved geraniums (esp. scented varieties) Woody ornamentals (e.g., Paulownia –selection for leaf variegation.

17. Somatic hybridization Production of hybrid plants through the fusion of protoplasts of two different plant species/varieties is called somatic hybridization, and such hybrids are known as somatic hybrids.

18. The technique of somatic hybridization involves the following four steps: ( i ) isolation of protoplasts, (ii)fusion of the protoplasts of desired species/varieties, (iii) selection of hybrid cells, and (iv) culture of the hybrid cells and regeneration of hybrid plants from them.

19. Somatic hybridization leads to interspecific and intergeneric hybridization. Interspecific hybridization done between two species. ex- nicotiana tobaccum × nicotiana sylvestrus = tobacco Intergeneric hybridization done between two genera. ex- wheat × rye = triticale Given by Rimpau (1890)

20. Synthetic seed Synthetic seed are defined as artificially encapsulated somatic embryos, shoot buds, cell aggregates, or any other tissue that can be used for sowing as a seed and that possess the ability to convert into a plant under in vitro    or ex vitro   conditions and that retain this potential also after storage.

21. The first synthetic seeds were produced by Kitto and Janick in 1982 using carrot somatic embryos Characteristics of synthetic seeds High volume, large scale propagation method Maintains genetic uniformity of plants Direct delivery of propagules to the field, thus eliminating transplants Lower cost per plant let Rapid multiplication of plants

22. Papaya Synthetic Seed Various development stages during plant regeneration via artificial seed in Carica papaya L Somatic embryos in liquid culture after 30 days in maturation medium. Somatic embryo at the cotyledonary stage.

23. C. Artificial s eeds encapsulated in 2.5% sodium alginate. D. Germinating artificial seed

24. A plantlet germinated from an artificial seed on growth regulator free basal MS medium. A plantlet showing normal development after germination from an artificial seed.

25. Future Prospective Development of methods and machinary for mass handling of synthetic seed, both during production and sowing. Development of new technique for ex-vitro or direct sowing of synseed to soil under non-sterile conditions to make it feasible and practical. Further experimentation is needed for germplasm conservation through cryopreservation and to perfect the technology so that it can be used on a commercial scale.

26. Genetic transformation and resistance to pest and disease through genetic engineering

27. Why agriculture biotechnology is important In a world where 800 million people, living mostly in rural areas, go hungry every day, food demand is set to double in the next thirty years and arable land is limited, advances in agriculture are critical if we are to reduce hunger and promote growth and development in a socially acceptable and environmentally sustainable way.

28. Why Agriculture Biotechnology in Important

29. Benefits of Biotechnology in Agriculture

30. Biotechnology Industries Biocon Established in 1978 and based in Bengaluru, Karnataka, Biocon is an Indian biopharmaceutical enterprise. Biocon exports its pharmaceutical products to the American and European markets. Biocon's two subsidiaries are clinical research company Clinigene and custom research company Syngene . Biocon is present in over 70 countries around the world and is the leading biotechnology company in India. Biocon's businesses and services include small molecules, biosimilars , branded formulations, novel molecules and research services. Serum Institute of India Serum Institute of India is an Indian biotechnology company that manufactures immunobiological drugs and vaccines. It is a subsidiary of the Poonawalla Group. Serum Institute of India was founded in 1966 and is headquartered in Pune, Maharashtra. The company is amongst the leaders in making the Rubella, Tetanus, Measles and Diphtheria vaccines in India. It supplies vaccines and medicines to over 100 countries across the globe.

31. Panacea Biotec Limited Panacea Biotech Limited was incorporated in 1984 and is headquartered in New Delhi. It is an Indian health management and research based pharmaceutical company involved in research and marketing of natural products, vaccines and pharmaceutical formulations. Panacea is surely amongst the top biotechnology companies in India that serve the medical fields such as nephrology, orthopaedic , respiratory and diabetology through their quality products. More than 60 countries receive the services of Panacea Biotech Limited Dr . Reddy’s Laboratories Limited Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Limited is also one of the leading biotech companies in India. It was established in 1984 and has its headquarters in Hyderabad, Telangana . A vast range of pharmaceutical products are manufactured by Dr. Reddy's Laboratories in India and abroad. It produces diagnostic kits, biotechnology products and pharmaceutical Ingredients. The products of this company are exported to a number of countries in North America, Africa, Europe and Asia.

32. Wockhardt Wockhardt was founded in 1967 and is headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The premium range of products manufactured by Wockhardt belongs to pharmaceutical ingredients, pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical formulations. Wockhardt extends its services and products to over 15 countries around the world. The company employees close to 8,000 people across the globe . GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Limited One of the oldest and most experienced players in the biotechnology industry of India, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Limited was incorporated in 1924. GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals is one of the world's top research based health management and pharmaceutical companies. Its medicines range across therapeutic areas such as respiratory diseases, anti- infectives , cardiovascular diseases, dermatology, oncology, gynaecology and diabetes. It also provides vaccines for cervical cancer, hepatitis B, hepatitis A, rota -virus, influenza, tetanus, chickenpox, pertussis and diphtheria amongst many.

33. Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited was started in 1971 and has its headquarters in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is an Indian manufacturer of biotechnological and pharmaceutical products. The significant medical fields that are covered by a wide range of pharmaceutical products provided by Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited are nephrology, critical care and haematology . Novozymes Novozymes is a Danish biotechnology company headquartered in Copenhagen, Denmark and was founded in 2000. Novozymes exports its pharmaceutical products to a number of countries including India, China, Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Argentina and Brazil amongst many. The wide range of products manufactured and marketed by Novozymes includes biopharmaceutical enzymes and ingredients that are supplied to bioenergy, agriculture, beverage and biopharma sectors.

34. Indian Immunologicals Limited Indian Immunologicals Limited is a top Indian biotechnology company founded in 1982 by The National Dairy Development Board (NDDB). It has biotechnology laboratories and manufacturing plant in Hyderabad, Rajkot and Ooty . Indian Immunologicals Limited is renowned for manufacturing vaccines for foot-and-mouth diseases such as bacterial diseases, rabies, hepatitis, canine vaccines, measles, DPT and MMR. Shantha Biotechnics Limited Shantha Biotechnics Limited is an Indian biotechnology firm incorporated in 1993 and is headquartered in Hyderabad, Telangana . It is a subsidiary of the Sanofi Group and pioneered the development, production and marketing of 'recombinant human healthcare medicines' in India. The company manufactures vaccines for the diseases such diphtheria, tetanus, influenza and cholera.

35. Biotechnology Research centres INDIAN COUNCIL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH (ICMR) Centre JALMA Institute of Leprosy National Institute of Occupational Health Tuberculosis Research Centre National Institute of Epidemiology Malaria Research Centre Institute of Pathology  Institute of Research in Medical Statistics  National Institute of Nutrition National Centre for Laboratory Animal Science Food and Drug Toxicology Research Centre National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases  Centre for Research in Medical Entomology National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health Institute of Immunohaemotology Enterovirus Research Centre Genetic Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology  Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences Vector Control Research Centre National Institute of Virology National AIDS Research Institute (NARI) Regional Medical Research Centre Bhubaneswar Regional Medical Research Centre Dibrugarh Regional Medical Research Centre Port Blair Regional Medical Research Centre Jabalpur Desert Medicine Research Centre Jodhpur

36. COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH (CSIR) CBRI - Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee CDRI - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow CEERI - Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani CFTRI - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore CIMAP - Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Lucknow CMERI - Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur CMRI - Central Mining Research Institute, Dhanbad   IICB - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Calcutta IIP - Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun IHBT - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur ITRC - Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow NBRI - National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow NEERI - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur NIO - National Institute of Oceanography, Goa NISTADS - National Institute of Science, Technology & Development Studies, New Delhi

37. NPL - National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi RRL, BHU - Regional Research Laboratory, Bhubaneshwar RRL, JT - Regional Research Laboratory, Jorhat SERC, M - Structural Engineering Research Centre, Madras CSIR Headquarters CCMB - Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad CECRI - Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi CFRI - Central Fuel Research Institute, Dhanbad CGCRI - Central Glass & Ceramic research Institute, Calcutta CLRI - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai C-MMACS - CSIR Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation, Bangalore CRRI - Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi CSMCRI - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar IICT - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad IGIB - (Institute of genomics and Integrative Biology) IMT - Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh NAL - National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore NCL - National Chemical Laboratory, Pune NGRI - National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad NISCAIR - National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, New Delhi NML - National Mettalurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur RRL,BHO- Regional Research Laboratory, Bhopal RRL, JM - Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu RRL, TVM - Regional Research Laboratory, Thiruvananthapuram

38. conclusion The potential of biotechnology in providing solutions to problems of health, agriculture, food production, environmental protection and biodiversity conservation which are vital for India and other developing countries, a major programme has been embarked identifying thrust areas of relevance, establishing the infrastructure, developing specialised manpower, and encouraging interactions between academic and research institutions, industry and entrepreneurs. The Department of Biotechnology is providing adequate financial support and other inputs for the growth of technology and its applications, and trying to remove, some of the bottlenecks that have come to notice. India can confidently look forward to reaping the fruits of this powerful technology in the years to come.

39. Thank you