ROLE OF ENGINEERS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

ROLE OF ENGINEERS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

1. ROLE OF ENGINEERS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

2. INTRODUCTION

3. What is a disaster management ? When a natural calamity or man-made mishap happens in a large scale disaster management comes to rescue the people trapped in the calamity. These people’s are trained persons in disaster management and know-how rescue and handle situations in difficult times.

4. Proper planning and careful execution of technical support can reduce the tangible fall. With a strong engineer team,we can reduce the magnitude of damage and saves thousands of live. Engineers play a major role in this disaster management.

5. TYPES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

6. Types of Disaster management: There are 4 types of disaster management. Migration, Preparedness, response, recovery Migration: action taken to elimination a hazard or reduce it potential impact Preparedness: planning for major emergency including travelling and exercise. Response: action taken in response to emergency Recovery: actions taken after a disaster to restore services and reconstruct communities.

7. Natural disasters "A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth; examples include firestorms, duststorms , floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, storms, and other geologic processes."

8. A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth; examples include firestorms, duststorms , floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, storms, and other geologic processes. A natural disaster can cause loss of life or damage property,[1] and typically leaves some economic damage in its wake, the severity of which depends on the affected population’s resilience and on the infrastructure available.

9. MAN MADE DISASTER

10. What are Man-Made disasters? Man-made disasters are extreme hazardous events that ar caused by human being. Some of the examples include explosions , chemical spills , oil spills , nuclear blast , train accidents , chemical or biological attacks , plane crashes etc. Some of the worst man-made disaster in history are as follows : Bhopal Gas Tragedy , INDIA . Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill , GULF OF MEXICO . Chernobyl Meltdown , UKRAINE . Fukushima Meltdown , JAPAN . Global Warming , THIRD PLANE FROM THE SUN .

11. OIL SPILL EXPLOSON TRAIN ACCIDENTS PLANE ACCDENTS

12. ROLE OF CIVIL ENGINNERS :

13. With strong building foundation, the risk of collasping of any building can be easily prevented. A geotechnical engineer is responsible for the construction of such high earthquake resistant buildings enhancing the infrastructure.

14. For the flood control and destruction of dams, the hydralic engineer provides all the required information about the various bridges and dams and advanced designs for prevention. City planners and project managers study the vulnerabilities providing proper guidelines required for provides rough and tough infrastructure withstanding any outer force.

15. Resuce operations and safety escape routes must be established in every building along with possible reconstruction of the entire building is controlled by a structural engineer. Hazardous and toxic wastes,air pollution control, drainage development and radiation protection is handled by the environmental enginner which is essential once the disaster has struck in order to control the after effects.

16. ROLE OF ENGINEERS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

17. Role of Mechanical Engineers:- Contractors  work along with the structural engineers to come up with  shockproof infrastructure right before the construction of the building. The  planning of raw steel  used in bridges, tracks, buildings, which kind of cement to be used is done by the mechanical engineers. Mechanical Quality inspectors  are very important who mainly approve the work of civil engineers at construction sites. Entire piping and ductwork are executed by mechanical engineers which are the critical part in the erection of infrastructures.

18. Piping and ductwork are administered by mechanical engineers which are a significant part in the construction of infrastructures. They deal with all the government approval work which involves official permission and clearances. Project Commissioning  of the all the raw products and systems installed during the building of any plant is governed by mechanical engineers with the support of electrical engineers. JKMEGA (Jammu and Kashmir Mechanical Engineer Graduate Associate) has appreciated the use of preventive mechanical gadgets such as motorized gates, ultrasonic level gauges which are very useful in flood control and take timely measures.

19. Role of engineers in disaster management Electrical engineers⚡⚡⚡

20. Construction of drones and helicopters for easy transportation of food packets for all the victims who are in need is handled by the electrical technicians.

21. Power control during heavy rainfall resulting floods and prevention of shocks with water being a good conductor of electricity is ensured by the electricians by timely cutting off the electricity supply. They also make sure secure earthing pits during the electrical installation which could be a major problem at the time of earthquake if not done right. Electrical motors and generator installation in drought-prone areas are done by electrical engineers which eradicate the further drying up of the region and provides the water supply for the victims. They have an important role in providing electricity to all kinds of disaster hit zones and giving them the luxury of power at the time of crisis.

22. ROLE OF RESCUE TEAM IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

23. The main objective of a Search and Rescue Team is to rescue trapped survivors of a disaster. Then first –aid should be provided to the injured people. After first –aid is given further medical help should be arranged. In the event of any deaths during the disaster, the team should ensure the immediate disposal of the bodies as this may cause health hazards for the others. The Rescue team should seek help from the other people in the area as this would speed up the rescue operations. Rescue operations are usually organised as a team work. Team effort is the back bone of Rescue operations. There should be cooperation among members of a Search and rescue team. Some of the qualities the Rescue team should have are: Emotional Balance Professionalism Sound Physique Ability to deal with emergencies Willingness to work at any time Honesty.

24. Indigenous ways to rescue people during floods are to use to use tubes or trunks of banana trees to keep the drowning people afloat. First –aid refers to measures taken immediately after an accident. The aim of first-aid is not to cure the victim but to provide interim relief and prevent further harm, till professional help can be reached. The goals of first-aid is ABC of basic life support airwa breathing circulation The priority is to ensure that the nose is not blocked and that the victim is able to breathe oxygen-rich air and the blood circulation is proper and that the heart is kept beating. Causes for fainting can be a head injury; epilepsy; stroke; poisoning; diabetes or lack of oxygen. Measures to be taken when one has fainted…… Pinch the unconscious person and observe if he responds Look for injuries Loosen tight clothing Keep record of the patient’s condition Do not give the patient’s anything to eat or drink Ensure that people do not crowd around the patient.

25. Signs and symptoms of sprains and fractures are pain at or near the site of injury increased by movement. Movement may be difficult or impossible at a fractured site. There will be swelling at the injured spot.

26. disaster response Disaster response is “an action taken in anticipation of , during and immediately after an emergency to ensure that its effects are minimized , and that people affected are given immediate relief and support “ Planning, organizing, directing and controlling are the key management functions that help to manage the disaster response phase effectively to minimize any potential impacts.

27. Challenges during disaster response Citizens’ Irresponsible Intervention The lack of knowledge and understanding of the people who try to help the disaster responders makes it a very difficult situation. This affects the proper implementation of the plans that have been prepared for use during the disaster response. A lack of society's awareness’ as a major reason for citizens’ irresponsible intervention. Education about Disaster Risk Education about disaster risk is another major challenges, which also acts as the major cause. public education is considered one of the common challenges during the planning stage. Consequently, this challenge might cause different problems for the planners and responders.

28. Financial Resources Having adequate financial resources for responding properly to disasters as an important factor. In terms of an emergency budget, the financial process is hampered by the ability to authorize payments and limited by the amount of money that can be exchanged. Planning Process In the case of plan implementation, the plans are not strictly implemented . There is a lack of contingency plans in a large number of important facilities, which is designed according to standardized criteria and training. Further, there is a weakness in contingency planning for disaster risk reduction in development plan projects and regional development project. The Security Situation Due to the absence of a sense of security and the lack of seriousness of the local police in excluding the citizens from risk sites . This absence of a sense of security and knowledge can cause a lot of losses.

29. ADVANTAGES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT T op 4 benefits   of disaster management 1. Cost-Efficiency Disaster recovery plans have multiple components. The most important elements include: • Preventative measures that reduce the risk of a man-made disaster taking place • Detective measures aimed at identifying unwanted events quickly • Corrective measures that restore lost data and allow for business processes to resume in the aftermath of a disaster 2. Increased Employee Productivity A disaster recovery plan will have to be executed by the right people. When specific roles and responsibilities are assigned in advance, effectiveness and productivity will both increase.

30. 3. Greater Customer Retention Clients today expect nothing short of perfection and reliability. They are not forgiving in the case of failures or downtime. When a certain business cannot meet their expectations , clients will simply move on to another service provider. 4. A Better Understanding of Scalability One of the key things you will have to do when planning disaster recovery is identifying innovative solutions. Technologies like cloud-based data storage and backups simplify the process of archive maintenance, enhance the effectiveness of backups and reduce the cost of disaster recovery

31. CONCLUSION

32. In the incidences of natural disasters, proper planning and mindful execution of technical support can reduce the substantial fall. With a strong engineer team, we can  reduce the intensity of destruction and save thousands of lives . Implementing various tools that can come up with solutions that would rather prevent such disasters from happening in the near future. The mission of saving this planet earth cannot be done without including the expertise of mechanical and civil engineers who have been trained to deal with such situations with tremendous mock drills and discipline . We cannot control such calamities but yes, we can definitely follow the saying – ” Prevention is better than the cure ”. “ Successful emergency management relies upon experience and expertise “