Role of kinanthropometry in sports .pdf.

Kids Athletic

1. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 1

2. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 2
ANTHROPOMETRY is the science of obtaining systematic measurements of the human body
ANTHROPOMETRY comprises of two Greek words “Anthropos” ⇒“men” , and
“Metrein” ⇒“to measure”
Anthropometryfirstdevelopedinthe
19
th
centuryasamethodemployedby
physicalanthropologistforthestudyof
humanvariationandevolutioninboth
livingandextinctpopulation
Human Evolution Human Variation

3. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 3
Anthropometricmeasurementshavebeen
usedhistoricallyasameanstoassociate
racial,culturalandpsychological
attributeswithphysicalproperties
Negroid Mongoloid Caucasoid
Anthropometric system”or “judicial system
1883createdthefirstsystematic
systemofindividualclassification
andidentification
Detaileddescriptionofsubject,
profilephotograph
Aprecisebodymeasurementsof
height,breadth,footsize,lengthand
widthofhead,lengthofleftforearm
andmiddlefinger.

4. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 4
Tannerconducted anthropometric studies:
Scientific selection of athletes for different event
Improving performance more effectively
Limits to which they might succeed

5. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 5
Anthropometricmeasurementshasrevealcorrelationbetweenbodystructure,physicalcharacteristics
andsportcapabilities.

6. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 6
Tallnessisusefulinsomesportsprovidinggreaterreach,helpinginshiftingthecentre
ofgravityhigher.
Similarly,shortnessisusefulinsomeothersportswheregreaterstabilityismore
essential.
Segmentallength,specificallyarmlengthisofconsiderableadvantageinselected
eventsinathleticsandincertaingames.
Developmentofmuscleandbone,andthebodyfatalsoneedsregularmonitoring
especiallyinhighperformanceathletesfromtimetotime.
Classificationofbodytypeintodifferentsomatotypecansuggesttherightsportforan
individual.

7. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 7
Anthropometric Measurements:
•Height
•Weight
•Surface area
•Volume etc.
Size
•Sitting vs. standing height
•Shoulder and hip width
•Arm/leg length
•Neck circumference etc.
Structure
•% Body Fat
•Water Content
•Lean Body Mass etc.
Composition

8. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 8
Anthropometric Tools: To obtain Anthropometric measurements, a variety of equipment's are used
Anthropometric Rod
Stadiometer

9. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 9
Measuring Tape
Skinfold Caliper
Weighing Machine
Vernier Caliper

10. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 10
Anthropometric Somatotype

11. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 11
Kinanthropometry
Kinanthropometry
Kinanthropometry comprises of three Greek words
Dynamic relationship and quantitative interface between human structure and function
KineinAnthropos Metrein
to move man to measure

12. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 12
TherecognitionofKinanthropometryasascientificdisciplinewasgivenbyOlympic
ScientificCongressin1984.HoweverBillRossin1972wasthefirsttousetheterm
Kinanthropologie.
MorecommontermusedespeciallyinEuropewasSportsAnthropometry.
InternationalSocietyforadvanceKinanthropometry(ISAK)wasestablishedin
Glassglow,1986.Thedisciplineexpandedinmidandlate1990s.

13. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 13
Kinanthropometryis defined as the study of human size, shape,
proportion, composition, maturation and gross function in order to
understand growth, exercise, performance and nutrition.

14. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 14
Kinanthropometryis defined as the study of human size, shape, proportion,
composition, maturation and gross function in order to understand
growth, exercise, performance and nutrition.

15. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 15
Kinanthropometryis defined as the study of human size, shape, proportion,
composition, maturation and gross function in order to understand
growth, exercise, performance and nutrition.

16. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 16
Kinanthropometryis defined as the study of human size, shape, proportion,
composition, maturation and gross function in order to understand growth,
exercise, performance and nutrition.

17. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 17
Kinanthropometryis defined as the study of human size, shape, proportion,
composition, maturation and gross function in order to understand growth,
exercise, performance and nutrition.

18. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 18
Kinanthropometryis defined as the study of human size, shape,
proportion, composition, maturationand gross function in order to
understand growth, exercise, performance and nutrition.

19. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 19
PHYSICAL
GROWTH BODY COMPOSITION
PHYSIQUE
PHYSICAL FITNESS
PROCESS OF
GROWTH
SHAPE SIZE PROPORTION
MATURATION
MOTOR
DEVELOPMENT
Schematic Diagram of Kinanthropometry ( Sodhi et al, 1988)
KINANTHROPOMETRY

20. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 20
Kinanthropometryconsistofphysicalgrowthwhichstudyprocessofgrowth,maturation
(early-average-late)&motordevelopmentinrelationtoage.
Bodycompositionreferstomuscle,bone,fatandremainder.Traininginfluencesthe
dynamicbalanceofmuscleandfatinthebody.
Physiquereferstoshape,size&proportionofanindividual.Thedevelopmentof
physiqueinaparticularsportsseemstohaveacloselinkwiththedevelopmentofstrength
requiredinmostsportsactivities.
Further,theathletewhileundertrainingforalongerdurationdevelopsphysiological
adaptationsresultingfinallyinsomemorphologicaladaptationstoo.

21. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 21
Alltheserelatedtophysicalfitness.Physicalfitnessmaybeevaluatedbyexamining
one’smotordevelopmentinrelationtoageandtounderstandthetrainingstrategiesto
beadoptedinrelationtoitsdevelopmentalstatus.
Althoughphysicalfitnessisknowntobetrainablebuttheinfluenceofone’sphysique,
bodycompositionandphysicalgrowthseemstoplayagreaterroleinitsdetermination.
Thephysique,bodycomposition,physicalgrowthandone’smotordevelopmentareof
fundamentalimportanceindevelopingthecriteriaoftalentselectionanddevelopmentin
sports.

22. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 22
Kinanthropometryin various disciplines
Kinanthropometry
Sports Science
Physical
Education
Gerontology
Ergonometry
Medicine
Auxology
Physical
Anthropology
Human biology

23. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 23
Factors affecting Kinanthropometry

24. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 24
Application of Kinanthropometry in Sports
Kinanthropometryprovidesstandardizedtechniques
fortakingvariousbodymeasurementssuchasheight,
weight,leglength,shoulderbreadth,kneediameter,arm
circumference&tricepsskinfoldetc.
Helpstounderstandgrowth,performance,nutrition
andvariousdynamicprocessandphenomenainlife
Evaluationofbodycompositionwhichprovides
informationaboutbodyfat,fatdistribution,muscle
mass,bonemass,protein,minerals,andbodywateretc.

25. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 25
Application of Kinanthropometry in Sports
Assessmentofphysique/bodytypeorsomatotype(
endomorphy,mesomorphy,ectomorphy)canbeutilisedto
characterizetheprofileofathletes.Usefulinchoosinga
suitablephysicalactivityforanindividual.
Kinanthropometryinvolvesphenotypicaswellasthe
morphologicalchangesbeforeandaftertraining.
Identificationoftalentintheearlyageandselectionofsport
event

26. Department of Sports Anthropometry
NSNIS Patiala
5/7/2024 YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry) 26
References:
JamesA.P.Day.1986.PerspectivesinKinanthropometry.Virginia:HumanKineticsPublishers
JohnMclester&PeterSt.Pierre.2008.AppliedBio-MechanicsConcepts&Connections.Candada:
ThomsonWadsworth.
Singh,S.P.&Mehta,P.2009,HumanBodyMeasurements,conceptsandApplications,PHILearningPrivate
Limited,NewDelhi-110001.
Shyamalkoley,2018.TextbookofKinanthropometry;AITBSPublishers,India.
Sodhi,H.S.etal,1990.OriginsofKinanthropometry(proceedingofNationalSymposium)NWGK,Patiala.
Sodhi,H.S.1991.SportsAnthropometry(AKinanthropometricapproach),AnovaPublication,Mohali.
Sodhi,H.S.&Sidhu,L.S.1984.PhysiqueandSelectionofSportsmen:AkinanthropometricStudy.Punjab
Publishinghouse,Punjab.

27. Contact details
Yumnam Momo Singh
Scientific Officer
Department of Sports Anthropometry
FOSS, NSNIS Patiala
e-Mail ID: [email protected]
5/7/2024 27YUMNAM MOMO SINGH (SO Anthropometry)

28. SPORTS ANTHROPOMETRY
KIN-ANTHROPOMETRY
Sukhdeep Singh Kang
JSO (Sports Anthropometry)
SAINSNIS PATIALA

29. INTRODUCTION TO BODY
COMPOSITION
&
ITS ROLE IN DIFFERENT
SPORTS

30. What is BODY COMPOSITION
Different Level of Body Composition
Reference Values for Male & Female
BODY COMPOSITION
Methods of BODY COMPOSITION
Role of BODY COMPOSITION IN
DIFFERENT SPORTS
WHR and BMI
Factors Affecting Body composition
Learning Objectives

31. BODY COMPOSITION
•Bodycompositiondescribestheamount
offat,bone,water,andmusclein
thebody.Measuringyourbody
composition willtellyou,your
ownbody'suniquemakeupandhelpyou
identifyareastoworkontoimproveyour
overallhealthandwellness.

33. Different Levels of BODY COMPOSITION

34. BODY COMPOSITION
BODY WEIGHT (KG & %)
= FAT MASS (FM) + LEAN BODY MASS (LBM)
LEAN BODY MASS(KG & %)
= MUSCLE MASS (MM) + BONE MASS (BM)
+ REMAINDER MASS (RM)
BODY WEIGHT (KG & %)
= FAT MASS (FM) + MUSCLE MASS (MM) +
BONE MASS (BM) + REMAINDER MASS (RM)
Remainder Mass (kg) = Body Weight (kg) -(Fat Mass+ Bone Mass
+ Muscle Mass)
(FAT FREE MASS= LEAN BODY MASS -ESSENTIAL FAT)

35. BODY COMPOSITION
•BodyMass=75.1kg
•%Bodyfat=23.6%
•FatMass(kg)=BodyMassx%bodyfat
=75.1x23.6/100=17.72kg
•FatFreeMass(kg)=Bodymass-Fatmass(kg)
=75.1-17.72=57.38kg

37. (note differences in
fat and muscle
content )
Male
vs
Female

38. Levels of Body Fatness
Men Women
Essential fat 3%-5% 9%-12%
Borderline 6-9% 11-16%
Good fitness -health 10-20% 17-28%
Marginal fitness 21-25% 29-35%
Overfatness > 25% > 35%
•Essential fat: the minimum amount of fat in the body
necessary to maintain healthy living
•Nonessential fat: extra fat, or fat reserves stored in the body.

39. Problems Associated with Very
Low Levels of Body Fat
•Toolittlebodyfatisassociatedwith
reproductive,circulatory,andimmune
systemdisorders
–Lessthan9%-12%forwomen
–Lessthan3%-5%formen

41. Body Fat Distribution and Chronic Disease

42. Methods of Body Composition
Direct Assessment
•Chemical dissolution: dissolves body into
fat and fat-free components
•Physical dissection: extensive dissection
of cadavers.

43. Indirect Body Composition
•Hydrostatic Weighing
•Air Displacement
(BOD POD)
•Skinfolds
•Girth Measurements
•Bioelectrical
Impedance Analysis
•Three Dimensional
Scanning
•Dual-Energy X-Ray
Absorptiometry (DEXA)
•Near Infrared
Interactance
•Ultrasound
•Computed Tomography
•Magnetic Resonance
Imaging

44. 17
Hydrostatic Weighing
•To calculate body fat, the following
measurements are needed:
1.Body weight on land
2.Underwater body weight
3.Water density at the performed
temperature
4.Residual lung volume
More accurate measure
•Boneandmusclehaveagreaterdensity
thanwater
•Fatislessdensethanwater
•Thus,aperson’srelativebuoyancyis
positivelycorrelatedwithbodyfat
•Thatis,apersonwithahigherbodyfat
percentageislessdense(weighslessin
water)thanaleanindividual.

47. The Bod-Pod

48. The Bod-Pod
•AlsoknownasAIRPLETHYSMOGRAPHY(Air displacement
insteadofwater)
•Duringameasurement,theBODPODproducesverysmall
volumechangesinsidethechamberandmeasuresthe
pressureresponsetothesesmallvolumechanges.
•To accomplish this, the interior volume of the empty BOD POD
chamber is first determined, then the volume when the subject
is seated inside the BOD POD is also determined
•Veryexpensivemethod
•Veryaccuratemeasure
•Mayfacilitatemeasuringlargeorheavyindividualsbecauseit
doesnotinvolveunderwatersubmersion.

49. The Bod-Pod
•Precautions: special clothing is necessary, swimsuit
(women) or form fitting lycra shorts, swim cap
•Subject should not eat or exercise 4-5 hours prior to
test, or drink coffee 4-5 hours,
•no high intensity weight training 12 hours prior, subject
should be rested and relaxed
•The range of error for this test is ±2 to 2.7 %, and
is as accurate as the hydrostatic weighing. It is also
quicker and easier to perform then the hydrostatic
weighing method

51. Sport Books Publisher
Dual Energy X-Ray
Absorptiometry (DEXA)
•Can be used to determine body composition
•Can also measure bone density(bone
mineral content)

52. DEXA (INDIRECT METHOD)
•Two distinct low energy x-rays penetrate into the body
•Computer software reconstructs an image of
underlying tissue
•Quantifies bone mineral content, total fat mass, and
FFM
•Precise and reliable but expensive and technical
•DXA is fast and user-friendly for the subject and the
operator.
•Limitations: for use in obese adults

53. Bioelectrical Impedance (BIA)
•Based on differences in electrical conductivity
between fat-free mass and fat mass.
•BIAisinfluencedbythesubject’shydrationlevel
•Themorehydratedoneis,theleanertheBIA
measurementwillbe

55. BODY COMPOSITION (SEGMENTAL ANAYSIS)

56. Ultrasound
Measures:
1.Assessthicknessofdifferenttissues
2.Obtainimageofdeepertissues,e.g.
muscle’scrosssectionalarea
•Itworksbyconvertingelectricalenergy
throughaprobeintohighfrequency
pulsedsoundwavesthatpenetratethe
skinsurfacetofat-muscleinterface.

57. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT)
Generatesdetailedcross-sectional,2dimensional
radiographicimages
Passesx-raybeamthroughtissuesofdifferent
densities
Providesquantitativeinformationon:Totaltissue
area,Totalfatandmusclearea,thicknessand
volumeoftissueswithinorgan
MAGNETICRESONANCE IMAGING(MRI)
MRIeffectivelyprovidesquantitativeinformation
ontotalandsubcutaneousadiposetissuein
individualsofvaryingdegreesofbodyfatness

58. Estimating Percent Body Fat
•Skinfoldmeasurements:
Foldsofskinaremeasured
withaSkinfoldcaliper.The
measurementsareusedin
equationsthatlinkthe
thicknessofskinfoldsto
percent body fat
calculationsmadefrom
morepreciseexperiments.

59. Body Composition Assessment
Skinfold Technique
•Layers of subcutaneous fat are
measured at different sites of
body to estimate total body fat
levels.
•Advantages
•Fairly accurate
•Easy to perform
•Inexpensive
•Disadvantages
•Human error

60. 4 Site
Triceps
Biceps
Subscapular
Suprailiac
Common Skinfold Sites

61. Common Skinfold Sites
7 Site
Chest
Axilla
Abdomen
Thigh

62. Skinfold Technique
•Theskinfoldassessmenttestiscarriedoutusingaskinfold
caliper.
•Pre-measurementInstructions:
•Measurementsshouldnotbetakenaftertrainingor
competition,sauna,swimmingorshowering.
•Exercise,warmwaterandheatcanproducedehydrationor
increasedbloodflow=inaccurateresults.

63. Making Changes in Body Composition
•Lifestyle should focus on:
–Regular physical activity, endurance exercise, and
strength training

65. Optimum weight
•Apersonmostfavorableweightcanbeconsideredfora
generalhealthylifestyleormorespecificallyfor
achosensport.
•Topathleteswillmonitortheirweightandbody
compositiontogivethemthebestadvantagefor
competing.
•Fortheaveragepersonyoucanlookatyourbody
compositionsimplybylookingatyourBodyMassIndex
andcomparingittotheoptimumweightonachart.
•Remember-ForSportsBodycompositionis
definedas‘thepercentageofbodyweightthatis
fat,muscleboneandremainder’.Allfourofthese
effectbodyweight.

66. Underweight or Overweight Affects
Performance.
•Anathlete’soptimumweightmaybedifferentto
generalexpectedweightforahealthyperson.
•WhattypeofbodywillaMarathonrunner,Boxerand
RugbyPlayerneed?
•Amarathonrunnerusuallyhaveaverythinand
lightframesothattheydonotcarryextra
weight.Theymayweightlessthantheirexpected
weightbuthaveanoptimumweightfortheirsport.
•Aboxermayhavehighmusclemass(dependingon
weightcategory)andbeheavierthanexpected.But
theywillbeanoptimumweightfortheirsport.
•Arugbyplayerwillhavedifferentoptimumweights
forthepositiontheyplay.Apropwillhavean
advantagefrombeingheavierthanascrumhalfas
theyhavedifferentroleswithintheirgame.

67. WeightRelatedConditions
•Anorexic-aneatingdisorderduetothelossof
appetite.
•Underweight-weighinglessthannormal,
healthyorrequired.
•Overweight-havingweightinexcessofnormal
(notharmfulunlessaccompaniedbyover
fatness).
•Overfat-havingbodyfatinexcessofnormal.
•Obese-atermusedtodescribepeoplewhoare
veryoverfat.

68. WAIST HIP RATIO (WHR)
HighriskWHR=>0.80forfemales&
>0.95formalesi.e.>0.80waisthipratio
forwomenand>95formenindicates
central(upperbody)obesityandis
consideredhighriskfordiabetes&CVS
disorders.
AWHRbelowthesecut-offlevelsis
consideredlowrisk.
WHR=Waistcircumference/Hipcircumference

69. BODY COMPOSITION

70. BODY COMPOSITION

72. Importance of Regular BODY
COMPOSITION Assessment

73. Role of BODY COMPOSITION IN SPORTS
•Bodyweightcaninfluenceanathlete's
speed, endurance, and power,
whereasbodycompositioncanaffectan
athlete'sstrength,agility,andappearance.
Aleanbody,i.e.,onewithgreater
muscle/fatratio,isoftenadvantageous
insportswherespeedisinvolved.

74. USE OF BODY COMPOSITION
•Sportsnutritionexpertscanusebody
compositionvaluestohelpdevelop
specificdietaryinterventionsandcoaches
aswellasathletictrainers,canusebody
compositionvaluestohelpcreate,
optimizeandevaluatetrainingprograms.

75. •Howcanbodycompositionimproveperformance?
Asufficientlevelofleanbodymassalso
contributestospeed,quickness,strength
andperformance.Reducednonessentialbody
fatcontributestomuscularandcardiorespiratory
endurance,speed,andagilitydevelopment.

76. BODY COMPOSITION

77. BODY MASS INDEX
L.A.J.Quetelet(1796-1874)aBelgianScientist,started
measuringthehumananthropometricallyandprovidehis
famousratioofbodyweighttoheightcalledQuetelet’s
index(Weight(kg)/height
2
(meters))andisnowpopularly
knownasbodymassIndex(BMI)forassessingunder-
nutritionandobesity.
BMI(Quetelet’sindex)=Weight(kg)/Height
2
(meters)
ForExample,Height=160cm,Weight=64kg
BMI=64/(1.60x1.60)=64/2.56=25kg/mtr
2

78. RanjitSinghMalhi(M.S.)
CHIEFCOACHFOOTBALL(Retd)
BuildingaCoachAthleteRelationship
FosteringSuccess,Trust,&Growth

79. Insimplewords,relationshiprefersamongtwoindividualsorcommunities,thewaythey
INTERACT,CONDUCT,amongthemselvestoachieveaCOMMON GOALandbuildsupa
conducivePSYCHOSOCIAL environmentofEXCELLENCE,toensurethattheyFULFIL
THEIRDREAMSandHARNESStheirPOTENTIAL.
Mutualtrust,respect,belief,support,cooperation,understanding,arefewofthemost
importantcomponentwhichcontributetothesuccessofanathlete.
Introduction

80. ButrelationshipisaCOMPLEX PHENOMENON andDEEPINSIGHTisrequiredto
understanditsDYNAMICS.
COMMUNICATION ,COMMITMENT ,CLOSENESS,CO-ORIENTATION, CARE
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONneedstobeunderstoodalongwithmanyothervariableswhich
influencesanddeterminetherelationshipofcoachnathlete.
Introduction

81. Domesticexamples
•ManikabatravsSoumyadeepguiltyofmatchfixing2021
•JwalaGuttaandGopichand
•SyedAbdulRaheemfootballcoach
•JorgeVildavswomenspanishplayersinwomenworldcup2023
ConflictExamples

82. Taxonomy
AthleteCenterPhilosophy CoachCenterPhilosophy

83. verbalandLackofrespect,blindobedience,excessivedominance,
physicalexploitationdissatisfaction,lonelinessfrustration
disappointmentconflicttension,disagreement,disrespectand
dissatisfactionnothappy
Taxonomy

86. EnhancingCoach-AthleteRelationships
Relationship
characteristic
Tip1 Tip2 Tip3
DevelopingclosenessTaketimetoprovide
praise,encouragement,
support,andconstructive
feedbacktoeachother
duringtraining,
competition,andnon-
sport-relatedcontexts.
Engageinsmalltalk:
remembereachothers’
birthdays,showinterestin
activitiesthattakeplace
outsideofsport.
Engageinteambuilding
andsocialactivitiesthat
involveothers(athletes,
assistantcoaches,
parents).
Developing
commitment
Ensurethatyoudonot
missanycompetitionsand
trainingsandbeontime.
Bementallyandphysically
readyfortraining(for
example,bybeingthe
firsttoarriveandlastto
leave).
Bepreparedtogiveup
yourtimetoyour
coach/athlete(for
example,staylongeron
thesportfieldtopractice,
receive/giveinstructionor
feedback,and
schedule/attendextra
sessions).
Listenandlearnfromeach
otherandsettogether
individual(andteam)
goals

87. Relationship
characteristic
Tip1 Tip2 Tip3
Developing
complementarity
Establishclearteamrules
andexpectations(likea
codeofconductthat
coachesandathletes
knowandunderstand,as
wellastheconsequences
ifrulesorcodesarenot
followed).
Ensurethatbothcoaches
andathletesprovideinput
andactivelyparticipatein
thetrainingsessions.
Achieveabalance
betweenorderand
freedom—provideaclear
trainingorcompetition
structure.
Developing
co-orientation
Ensurethegoalsare
agreeduponbycoaches
andathletes,are
understoodbyallandare
inlinewitheveryone’s
capabilities,expectations,
hopes,andaspirations.
Becurious,askquestions
andactivelylistentoeach
other’sresponses.
Besensitiveand
understandingofeach
others’needs;tryto
understandeachothers’
viewsandperspectives.
EnhancingCoach-AthleteRelationships

88. 1.Communication:
-Open,honest,andeffectivecommunicationisvital.Sharingthoughts,feelings,
andexpectationsfostersunderstandingandconnection.
2.Trust:
-Trustisthebedrockofanystrongrelationship.Itdevelopsovertimethrough
reliability,transparency,andconsistencyinactionsandwords.
3.Respect:
-Mutualrespectisessential.Treatingotherswithdignity,acknowledgingtheir
opinions,andvaluingtheirindividualitycontributestoapositiveatmosphere.
Essentialingredientsforcultivatingand
maintaininghealthyandfulfilling
relationships

89. 4.Empathy:
-Understandingandsharingthefeelingsofotherscreateasenseofconnection.
Empathypromotesemotionalsupportandstrengthensthebondbetween
individuals.
5.ActiveListening:
-Beingfullypresentandengagedinconversationsdemonstratesthatyouvalue
andrespecttheotherperson'sperspective.Activelisteningfostersunderstanding.
6.Appreciation:
-Expressinggratitudeandappreciationforthecontributions,efforts,and
qualitiesofothersstrengthenstherelationshipandcreatesapositiveatmosphere.
Essentialingredientsforcultivatingand
maintaininghealthyandfulfilling
relationships

90. 7.ConflictResolution:
-Disagreementsareinevitable,buttheabilitytoresolveconflictsrespectfully
andconstructivelyiscrucialformaintainingahealthyrelationship.
8.SharedValues:
-Commonvaluesandbeliefsprovideastrongfoundationforarelationship.
Sharedprinciplescontributetoasenseofalignmentandunity.
9.Support:
-Beingthereforeachotherduringbothgoodandchallengingtimesisakey
aspectofasupportiverelationship.Emotionalsupportfostersresilienceandtrust.
Essentialingredientsforcultivatingand
maintaininghealthyandfulfilling
relationships

91. 10.Boundaries:
-Respectingpersonalboundariesandcommunicatingone'sownboundaries
contributetoahealthydynamic.Boundarieshelpindividualsfeelsafeand
respected.
11.Flexibility:
-Flexibilityandadaptabilityareimportantfornavigatingtheinevitablechanges
andchallengesthatariseinrelationships.
12.Compromise:
-Willingnesstocompromise andfindcommongroundisessentialforresolving
differencesandmakingdecisionsthatbenefitbothparties.
Essentialingredientsforcultivatingand
maintaininghealthyandfulfilling
relationships

92. 13.QualityTime:
-Spendingmeaningfultimetogetherstrengthensconnections.Qualitytime
allowsforsharedexperiencesandthecreationoflastingmemories.
14.PositiveCommunication:
-Focusingonpositiveandconstructivecommunicationenhancestheoverall
atmosphereoftherelationship.Avoidingnegativecommunicationpatternsis
importantforsustainingahealthyconnection.
15.Humor:
-Sharinglaughterandhavingasenseofhumorcanlightenthemoodand
createamoreenjoyableandrelaxedenvironment.
Essentialingredientsforcultivatingand
maintaininghealthyandfulfilling
relationships

93. 16.SharedGoals:
-Pursuingcommongoalsandaspirationsfostersasenseofpartnershipand
collaborationintherelationship.
17.Forgiveness:
-Forgivenessisessentialformovingpastconflictsandmaintainingahealthy
relationship.Holdingontoresentmentcanerodetrustandconnection.
Essentialingredientsforcultivatingand
maintaininghealthyandfulfilling
relationships

94. ThankYou!

95. CONFLICTMANAGEMENT IN
SPORTS
BY:Mr.R.S.Malhi{M.S.)
FormerChiefFootballCoach,NISPatiala

96. ConflictManagement
Context
ProfessionalDevelopment
Aim
ToenhancecompetenceinConflict
Management

97. ConflictManagement

98. .1
ConflictManagement
{
..
0
..-
,f
,
,_
WHATISCONFLICT?

99. ConflictManagement
WHATISCONFLICT?
Conflictiswhentwo people
orgroupsdisagreeandthe
disagreement causes
friction.

100. .1
ConflictManagement
0{
....-
,f
,
,_
WHATISCONFLICT?
Conflictisdefinedasaclash
betweenindividualsarisingout
ofadifferencein
Thoughtprocess,
Attitudes,
Understanding,
Interests,
Requirements
Sometimesperceptions

101. ConflictManagement
COMMONCONFLICTSITUATIONSINSPORTSARE?
Disagreementfromparticipantsoverapenalty/infringement
PerceivedbiasshownbytheCoachesintheeyes of
participants/coachee
Frustrationshownbyparticipantsasaresultoftheirlevelof
performanceorthecompetitionresult
Misunderstandingofinstructionsorrulings
Sledgingbetweenparticipants
Disagreementinplayingstrategy

102. ConflictManagement

103. ConflictManagement

104. ConflictManagement
REASONSFORCONFLICT
PerceptualConflicts
Perceptualconflictsaretheresultofa
mutualmisunderstanding.
Mostoftheparent/coachconflictsareinthe
perceptualarea.

105. .1
ConflictManagement
0{
....-
,f
,
,_
EXAMPLE
PerceptualConflicts
"Mychildhasbeencomingtoyour
academyformorethan3weeksandI
feelthereisnoimprovementinher
technique.Ifeelthatyoudonotgive
appropriatetime/attentiontoher."
Whenparentscomeintocomplainabout
playingtimetheyusuallyarecomplainingin
asubtlemannerthatthecoachisnot
treatingtheirchildfairly.

106. ConflictManagement
REASONSFORCONFLICT
ValuesConflict
Valueconflictsarestrugglesoverbeliefs,
tenetsorprinciples.
ValueConflictcanhappenwithparentsas
wellasCoachees/Players,Supportstaffas
wellasManagement.

107. EXAMPLE
.1
ConflictManagement
{
..
0
..-
,f
,
,_
ValueConflicts
Rajeshwasmadetositonthebench
oncehedeliberatelyobstructedthe
oppositeplayerfromstriking.Hisparents
gotfuriousandfeltthatitwasexcessive
punishmentforwhathedid.Whathe
showedwasaggressionwhichisrequired
toWINgamesandtheywereveryupset
withthecoachfornotstandingbythem
inchallengingthereferee.

108. ConflictManagement
REASONSFORCONFLICT
TangibleConflict.
Tangibleconflictsarethosethatcanbe
measured,sharedorcounted.
Money,personalbenefits,orfacilitiesare
someexamples.

109. .1
ConflictManagement
0{
....-
,f
,
,_
EXAMPLE
TangibleConflict
MsAisCoachforthegirlsSchool
swimmingteamandMrBisthecoach
forBoysSchoolSwimmingteam.
Interschoolcompetitionistobegin
next weekandbothofthemwantto
usetheswimmingpoolfrom5amto8
Aminthemorningforpractice.
Thishasledtoaconflictbetweenthe
twoofthem

110. ConflictManagement
REASONSFORCONFLICT
InterpersonalConflict.
Thisisaconflictabout"MY"feelingsabout
"YOU"asaperson.
Interpersonalconflictismostoftenthe
secondaryresultofanotherconflict
Misunderstandingsandegosare theBiggest
reasonforInterpersonalConflictinsports

111. 0ConflictManagement
.1
{
....-
,f
,
,_
EXAMPLE
Absoluteinjustice.b;cc•stsetbackofmycareer:SouravGanculyon
captaincysackincin2005
f., e
d

112. ConflictManagement

113. ConflictManagement
Conflictcanberesolved
usingdifferentapproaches.
Theseapproachesarecalled
ConflictResolution
Strategies

114. .1
ConflictManagement
0{
....-
,f
,
,_
Avoiding
Compromising
Thomas-KilmannModel
FiveDifferentWaysOfHandlingConflict
Accommodting Competing
Collaboration

115. ConflictManagement
COOPERATIVENESS

116. .1
ConflictManagement
0{
....-
,f
,
,_
TWODIMENSIONSOFMODEL
"
"'
'
Ill
2
Ill
>
-I-
D:
l&I
"
"
'
'
(
ASSERTIVENESS
Thedegreetowhich
youtrytosatisfy
yourownconcerns
duringconflict
COOPERATIVENESS

117. .1
ConflictManagement
0{
....-
,f
,
,_
TWODIMENSIONSOFMODEL
COOPERATIVENESS
Thedegreetowhichyou
trytosatisfytheother
individuals'concerns
duringconflict
"
"'
'
Ill
z
Ill
>
-I-
C:
Ill
"'(
COOPERATIVENESS

118. ConflictManagement

119. .1
ConflictManagement
0{
....-
,f
,
,_
STRATEGY1-AVOIDING
"Leavewellenoughalone''
Individualdoesnotpursuehis/herownconcernsORthoseof
theotherperson
Doesnotaddresstheconflict(sidestepping,postponing,
withdrawing).
Someonewhousesastrategyof"avoiding"mostlytriesto
ignoreorsidesteptheconflict,hopingitwillresolveitselfor
dissipate.

120. ConflictManagement

121. ConflictManagement
STRATEGY2-ACCOMMODATING
''Killyourenemieswithkindness"
Individualneglectshis/herconcernstosatisfytheconcernsof
theotherperson
Self-sacrificeoryieldingtoanother'spointofview
Someonewhousestheconflictresolutionstrategyof
"accommodating"triestosatisfytheconcernsoftheother
personattheexpenseoftheirownconcerns.

122. ConflictManagement

123. .1
ConflictManagement
0{
....-
,f
,
,_
STRATEGY3-COMPETING
''Mightmakesright''
Assertive&uncooperative,power-orientedmodetowinhis/her
position
Standingupforyourrights,defendingapositionyoubelieve is
correct,orsimplytryingtowin
Someonewhousestheconflictresolutionstrategyof"competing"tries
tosatisfytheirowndesiresattheexpenseoftheotherparties
involved.

124. ConflictManagement

125. .1
ConflictManagement
0{
....-
,f
,
,_
STRATEGY4-COMPROMISING
"Splitthedifference"
Findanexpedient,mutuallyacceptablesolutionthatpartially
satisfiesbothparties
Bestsuitedforissuesofintermediateimportance
Thestrategyof"compromising"involvesfindinganacceptable
resolutionthatwillpartly,butnotentirely,satisfytheconcernsofall
partiesinvolved.

126. ConflictManagement

127. .1
ConflictManagement
0{
....-
,f
,
,_
STRATEGY5-COLLABORATION
''Twoheadsarebetterthanone''
Workstofindasolutionthatfullysatisfiestheconcernsofboth
Learnsfromtheother'sinsightsandtriestofindacreative
solution
Using"collaboration"involvesfindingasolutionthatentirely
satisfiestheconcernsofallinvolvedparties.