Role of plants in economy

Pharmacognosy

1. Role of medicinal plants in national economy G.R.Sitaphale (Assistant professor) Anuradha college of Pharmacy chikhli Dist- Buldana

2. Importance of medicinal and Aromatic plants to the economy of low income countries remains critical and strategic because medicines are key to maintaining a health population that drives and sustain economy .

3. Since ancient times mankind All over the world mainly depend upon plant kingdom to meet their all needs of medicines for alleviating ailments,search of eternal health,longevity and to seek remedy to relive pain and discomfort,fragrance,flavour and food.

4. The ancient civilization of India,China,Greece,Arab and other Countries of the world developed their own systems of medicines independent of each other but all of them were predominantly plant based.

5. Traditional Ayurveda Takshila (700 B.C.) Nalanda (500B.C.) Righveda (4500-4600B.C.)References of use of medicinal plants for treatement .

6. WHO WHO estimated that 80% of the population of developing countries relies on traditional medicines mostly plant drugs for their healthcare needs.

7. Source About 90% of plants used in industry are collected from the wild. The other source is cultivation.

8. Market Herbal drug market is growing at a rate of 20-30% annually. India turnover in 1995 US 250 million dollar. Continuous growth. Economic potential in natural health Herbs 1989US million dollar 1998 US million dollar Aloe extract 38 63 Botanical ext 180 345 Essential oils 101 150

9. Future economic growth Medicinal purposes,Nutraceutical,Cosmecuticals purposes.

10. Development of Herbal medicinal industry. Novelties-new chemical compounds.

11. Plant based Industries and Institutes involved in work of medicinal and aromatic plants in India I ndian medicinal plant based industry faces many problems and is affected by number of factors which include absence of well definite policies and strategies for promotion of cultivation and post harvest technology , standardization and marketing. Majority of leading companies specializing in herbal drugs are located in Germany,France,Italy,Switzerland,China and India. In fragrance and flavour industry the major formulation manufacturers are located in developed countries like UK,USA, and Japan.

12. Classification of plant based Industries. Plant drugs for Indian systems of medicines.Ayurvdea,siddha,Unani . Over the counter non prescription products. Essential oil Industry Phytopharmaceuticals Natural health products.-Health food,Nutraceuticals,Recombinant proteins Cosmeceutical Industry.

13. List of Government Institutions Regional research lab.-Bhuwaneshwar Central drug research Institute- Lucknow National chemical lab- Pune Govt.Quinine Factory- Mungpoo Regional research lab.-Hydrabad Regional research lab.-Jammu tawi Regional research lab.-Trivandrum

14. Manufacturers of herbal cosmetics Shenaz Herbals-New Delhi Herba Indica -Chandigarh Ayurved sewashram -Udaipur Ayurved sewashram-Hydrabad Dabur India ltd.-Ghaziabad

15. Eucalyptus oil Industries Royal eucalyptus oil co.- ooty Reliance eucalyptus oil co.- Coonoor Jupiter eucalyptus oil Refinery- Coonoor Blue hills Eucalyptus oil Distillery- Kodaikanal .

16. Manufactures of herbal formulations Dabur India Ltd.-Ghaziabad Charak pharmaceuticals-Bombay Hamdard laboratories-Delhi Zandu Pharmaceuticals-Bombay The Himalaya drug company –Bombay Shri Baidyanath Ayurved Bhavan -Patna

17. Poppy Opium is dried latex obtained by incision from the unripe capsules of papaver somniferum family papaveraceae . Morphine Papaverine Noscapine Narcine Codeine narcotine

18. Utilization Opium is official in pharmacopoeia of several countries.now a days opium is not used but derivatives of opium are used in pharmaceutical industry as antidiarrhoeals,antispasmodic and antitusive formulations.

19. Ergot Ergot is the common name for claviceps purpurea hypogracieae a parasitic fungus, which infects ray grass secale cerale family graminae . Ergometrine group Ergotamine group Ergotoxine group

20. Utilization Whole ergot preparation are traditionally used in labour to assist delivery and to reduce post partum haemorrhage but presently whole ergot has been replaced with isolated ergot alkaloids. Migraine

21. Cinchona Cinchona bark consists of dried stem and root bark of cinchona succirubra,cinchona calisaya,cinchona ledgeriana,cinchona officinalis family Rubiaceae .

22. Utilization Cinchona bark and its ailments are used in different parts of the world.Its prpoerties can be briefly described as analgesic,anasthetic,antiparasitic,antibacterial,antimicrobial . Antimalarial Cosmetic-hair tonic.

23. Ipecac Ipecac is derived from the dried rhizomes and roots of Cephaelis ipecacuanha family Rubiaceae . Cultivated in India and Malaysia. The main phytochemical constituent is emetine.

24. Utilization The drug ipecac is used in the form of crude extract as emetic and expectorant.It is also used as a source of emetine,which is used to treat amoebic dysentery. Ipecac in small doses along with aconite or belladona used in treatment of pneumonia especially in children.

25. Aloe Aloe is the solid residue obtained by evaporating the juce which drains from the transversely cut leaves of various species of Aloe ferox,Aloe barbadensis,Aloe perryi family Liliaceae .

26. Utilization Aloe is a pharmaceutical aid for a compound benzoin tinctureand cathartic. Decoction of dried leaves is taken orally to induce abortion. It is used to treat wounds. In mexico taken orally for diabetes.

27. Senna Senna leaves are dried leaflets of cassia acutifolia,cassia angustifolia family leguminosae . In India its cultivation is mainly concentrated in Tinnevelly , Maudrai and Ramnathapuram district of Tamil nadu .

28. Utilization The leaves and fruit (pods) of senna have been used from time immemorial in India and abroad as cathartic.Sennosides the main constituents if senna are useful purgative for either habitual constipation or for occasional use.