Role of public health on climate .pptx

Role of public health in climate change

1. THE ROLE OF PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTITIONERS ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT, AND ECONOMY PHS 305 (SEMINARS IN PUBLIC HEALTH) PRESENTED BY: EJITOYE ABIODUN O. NOU223143463 UMORU OJOMA O. NOU223136558 ADAMA ISAIAH U. NOU233422745 ADEYEMO ESTHER A. NOU223140077 AJAYI TOLULOPE NOU223136609 NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA  | McCarthy STUDY CENTER OBALENDE, LAGOS. SEPTEMBER, 2023

2. TABLE OF CONTENT SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION SECTION 2 LITERATURE REVIEW DEFINITION HISTORY CLIMATE CHANGE CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON HEALTH, ENIVIRONMENT AND ECONOMY DIRECT IMPACT INDIRECT IMPACT ROLES OF PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTITIONERS ON THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ASSESSMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT ASSURANCE SECTION 3 CONCLUSION REFERENCE

3. SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION The effects of climate change are being felt unevenly around the world, and the countries least responsible for greenhouse gas emissions are often facing the most brutal consequences (Joe McCarthy and Erica Sanchez, 2019). With accelerating frequency and intensity, severe storms, heatwaves, wildfires, droughts and other extreme weather events are having ever-more evident impacts on human health and wellbeing. Among these impacts are heat-related illness, injuries and losses due to flooding; exacerbation of asthma, respiratory and cardiovascular conditions with air pollution; and growing risks of vector-borne diseases (malaria, dengue, Lyme disease); water-borne diseases (diarrhea, cholera) and chemical pollutants; undernutrition; and forced migration (EBI et al., 2017).

4. PURPOSES AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to explore the roles of Public Health Practitioners on climate change and its impact on health, environment and the economy. The specific objectives are as follows: To discuss the meaning and history of public health in Nigeria To explore the impact of climate change on health, environment and economy. To also explore the intervention of public health practitioners towards curbing these change impacts.

5. SECTION 2 DEFINITIONS Public health is the science of protecting and improving the health of people and their communities (CDC, 2023). Which is achieved by promoting healthy lifestyles, researching diseases and injury prevention, and detecting, preventing and responding to infectious diseases. Public health is an interdisciplinary field. For example, epidemiology, biostatistics, social sciences and management of health services are all relevant. Other sub-fields include environmental health, community health, behavioral health, health economics, public policy, mental health, health education, health politics, occupational safety, disability, oral health, gender issues in health, and reproductive health (PERDIGUERO, 2015).

6. 2.1 History of Public Health in Nigeria The history of Public Health System in Nigeria is linked to two important periods in the country, namely: Colonial and Post-Colonial eras. These eras were marked by drastic changes in the approach to public health care delivery (INYANG, 2021)

7. 2.2 Climate Change Climate is often defined loosely as the average weather at a particular place, incorporating such features as temperature, precipitation, humidity, and windiness. And as weather varies from day to day, so too does climate vary, from daily day-and-night cycles up to periods of geologic time hundreds of millions of years long. In a very real sense, climate variation is a redundant expression, climate is always varying. No two years are exactly alike, nor decades, centuries, or millennia (STEPHEN, 2020).

8. 2.3.1 Causes of Climate Change Generating Power Manufacturing Goods Deforestation Using Transportation Producing Food Powering Buildings Improper Disposal of consumables (BAMS, 2017).

9. 2.4 Impact of Climate Change on Health, Environment and Economy 2.4.1 Direct Impact Injuries, disease and deaths due to extreme weather events: Increased frequency and intensity of heat waves. Excess heat-related mortality and incidence of heat exhaustion Aggravated circulatory, cardiovascular, respiratory and kidney diseases Indigenous and traditional peoples are also expected to suffer the most Health losses caused by disasters such as storms, hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods (EDENHOFER 2015).

10. 2.4.2 Indirect Impacts Indirect Impacts Through Natural Systems Airways diseases and allergens e.g., asthma Food-and-water borne disease e.g., cholera Vector-borne diseases e.g., malaria Indirect impacts through socio-economic systems Food and water insecurity and under-nutrition Occupational health risk and vulnerable populations: Forced displacements, mental illness and stress (EDENHOFER 2015).

11. FLOOD WITHIN OGUN RIVER BANK, LAGOS NIGERIA (2022)

12. 2.5 The roles of Public Health Practitioners on the Impact of Climate Change on Health, Environment and Economy Public Health Practitioners have 3 basic core functions which are: Assessment (IOM, 2015). Policy Development Health Assurance

13. 2.5.1 Assessment Public health assessment entails collecting data, and analyzing, investigating and identifying public health problems; it informs policy development and sets the stage for public health assurance, the second and third of the core functions (IOM, 2015). Assessment involves i . Monitoring health status with regard to climate-sensitive outcomes ii. Investigation and diagnosis of health impacts linked to climate-related hazards.

14. 2.5.2 Policy Development Policy development is the second phase of the core functions cycle; it builds on the diagnosis from assessment, and encompasses identification and planning of actions that will be carried out and monitored in the assurance phase (AUSTIN et al., 2016). Policy development involves not only government efforts to establish laws, regulations and procedures but also voluntary practices of private actors and efforts to communicate with the public. policy development covers: Informing, educating and empowering populations toward climate resilience Mobilizing partnerships to anticipate and respond to health threats from climate change; Development of health policies that support climate mitigation and adaptation.

15. 2.5.2.1 Mobilize Partnership Three areas of partnership for health and climate governance: Coordination across different levels of government on health monitoring, diagnosis and policy implementation; Collaboration of public health with non-health sectors, particularly to share health-related epidemiological, vulnerability, program monitoring and evaluation data; and Partnerships with private and non-governmental organizations to implement programs to achieve specific health outcomes (AUSTIN et al., 2016).

16. 2.5.3 Assurance Assurance is the third phase of the core functions cycle; it is an implementation phase that grows out of policy development, where policies are put to practice through regulations, programs, workforce training, and other activities. Assurance also completes the direct feedback loop through evaluation to the monitoring and diagnosis done under the assessment phase (SEMENZA, 2015).

17. Conclusion Our exploratory review indicated that the role of healthcare professionals, individually or collectively, through professional organizations, could include informing and alerting patients, individuals, communities and decision-makers about the association of climate and environment change with health and the need to act to limit and mitigate these risks to protect health. We believe that healthcare professionals have a professional public health duty to foster the assessment and implementation of effective interventions, to improve the education of their peers, and to keep informing and alerting various audiences through potentially appropriate communication interventions.

18. REFERENCES Austin S.E., Biesbroek R., Berrang -Ford L., Ford J.D., Parker S., Fleury M.D.(2016). Public Health Adaptation to Climate Change in OECD Countries. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2016;13:889. doi : 10.3390/ijerph13090889. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS) (2017). Explaining Extreme Events of 2017 from a Climate Perspective. [(accessed on 13 June 2019)];2018 Available online: https://www.ametsoc.org/ams/index.cfm/publications/bulletin-of-the-american-meteorological-society-bams/explaining-extreme-events-from-a-climate-perspective/ Ebi K.L., Ogden N.H., Semenza J.C., Woodward A. (2017). Detecting and Attributing Health Burdens to Climate Change. Environ. Health Perspect . 2017;125:085004. doi : 10.1289/EHP1509. Edenhofer O (2015). Summary for policymakers. In: Climate change 2015: mitigation of climate change.  Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPPC. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2014 Inyang Ating (2021). History of public health in nigeria www.primarycompassionatecare.org/history-of-public-health-in-nigeria .

19. Institute of Medicine (2015). The Future of Public Health. The National Academies Press; Washington, DC, USA: 1988 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Summary for Policymakers. In: Masson- Delmotte V., Zhai P., Pörtner H.-O., Roberts D., Skea J., Shukla P.R., Pirani A., Moufouma-Okia , Péan C., Pidcock R., et al., editors. (2018) Global Warming of 1.5 °C. World Meteorological Organization; Geneva, Switzerland: 2018. [(accessed on 12 March 2019)]. p. 32 Perdiguero , E. (2015). "Anthropology in public health. Bridging differences in culture and society" . Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 55 (7): 528b–528. doi : 10.1136/jech.55.7.528b . ISSN   0143-005X Semenza J.C. (2015). Prototype early warning systems for vector-borne diseases in Europe. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2015;12:6333–6351. doi : 10.3390/ijerph120606333. Stephen T.J. 2020 Evidence for Climate Change. https://www.britannica.com/science/climate-change/Abrupt-climate-changes-in-Earth-history REFERENCES (CONTD)

20. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING