Rotary drilling rig (onshore)

This presentation is about the components of rotary drilling rig.

1. Rotary Drilling R ig (onshore) Prepared By: Ishanee Sharma (15/252) Nilim Kumar Sarma (15/256) Department of Chemical Engineering Assam Engineering College, Jalukbari

2. Introduction Rotary drilling is the most efficient technology applied in the oil and gas industry. Rotary drilling relies on continuous circular rotation of the sharp bit to break rocks and dig down through Earth’s crust. The spinning of the drill bits allows for penetration of even the hardest rock.

3. Main Equipment of a Rotary Drilling Rig

4. C omponents of a Rotary drilling Rig Rotary drilling is composed of different systems: Prime Movers Hoisting System Rotating System Circulating System

5. Prime Movers Provides power to the entire rig. Generally powered by diesel engines or power lines. The energy from these prime movers is used to power rotary equipment, the hoisting equipment, and the circulating equipment.

6. Hoisting System The hoisting equipment consists of the tools used to raise or lower whatever other equipment may go in or come out of the well. Hoisting system is made up of: Derrick or Mast Blocks, Drill line and Hook Draw Works

7. Derrick or Mast Derrick is a structure with four supporting legs resting on a square substructure. Mast is much more slender and may be thought of as sitting on one side of the rig floor or work space. Travelling Block, Crown Block, Drill Line and Hook Block is used to connect the supporting derrick with the load of drill pipe to be lowered to or withdrawn from the borehole. The drill line passes from the draw works to the top of the derrick. Hook which is suspended from the travelling block, which when drilling carries a swivel and kelly and when tipping it lifts the drill string.

8. Draw Works The draw works is a mechanism commonly known as hoist. The main purpose is to lift the drill-string out of and to lower it back into the blowhole.

9. Rotating Equipment The rotating equipment consists of components that actually serve to rotate the drill bit. Rotating equipment consists of :- Swivel :- Carries the entire weight of the drill string but allows it to rotate freely. Kelly :- Provides a passage way for the drilling fluid. Drill String: - Made up of drill pipe and drill collars and specialised subs through which drilling fluid and rotational power are transmitted from the surface to the bit . Drill Bit :- Responsible for actually making contact to the subsurface layers and drilling through them.

10. Circulating System The circulation system consists of : Mud pump, flow-lines, drill pipe, nozzles, mud tanks, mud mixing equipment ( mud mixing hopper) and contaminant removal equipment ( shale shaker, de-sander, de- silter , de-gasser). The circulating fluid used is mud, may contain clay, chemicals, weighting materials, water and oil . The main objectives of this system are: Cooling and lubricating the drill bit. Controlling the well pressure(sub-surface pressure). Removing debris and cuttings. Coating the walls of the well with the mud cake.

11. Advantages Latest technology of drilling. Can penetrate even the hardest of rocks. Can drill upto very high depth and width which is not possible in cable tool drilling.

12. Disadvantages High operating and initial cost. High fuel and maintenance cost. Higher water requirement. High rig-up time and expense.

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