Rural development class 12 Economics

Economics' Rural Development

1. By : Anmol Khare Class : 12 th Subject : Economics Rural Development

2. Meaning Rural development covers agriculture development as well as all those aspects which improve the living conditions of people in the rural areas. Rural development is a comprehensive process which targets betterment in all aspects of rural areas. Thus development agriculture implies improvement of rural areas.

3.  Development of human resources Land reforms Development of infrastructure Alleviation of poverty Development of the productive resources of each locality Challenges

4. Rural credit needs

5. According to Time:- 1 . Short term credit : loan ranges from 6 months to 15 months. To buy seeds , tools , manure, fertilizers, etc. 2. Medium term credit : loan ranges between 15 months to 5 years. To buy machinery, equipment digging wills, constructing cattle sheds etc. 3. Long term credit : loan ranges between 5 to 20 years . To buy tractors , land, heavy machines and equipment etc.

6. According to purpose  :- 1.   Productive purpose : This credit is required to enhance agriculture production 2. Unproductive purpose : this credit is required to meet social obligations.

7. Sources of rural credit

8. Non – institutional sources :- Moneylenders Traders and commission agents Landlords Relatives.

9. 2. Institutional sources :- Cooperative credit societies. These contributes nearly 30% of the rural credit. Land development banks The credit is granted against the mortgage Long term credit

10. 3. Commercial bank credit Regional rural bank To open the branches in those areas where there no banking facilities available To provide credit facilities to small and marginal farmers.

11. Self help groups

12. National bank for agricultural and rural development (NABARD) Apex agency To promote the strength of credit institutions in credit delivery system To provide assistance in the non-farm sectors also To control and evaluate the projects financed by it It coordinates the functioning of different financial institution involved in advancing rural credit.

13. Agriculture marketing is a process that involves the assembling, storage processing, transportation, packaging, grading and distribution of different agriculture commodities across the country . Agricultural marketing system

14. Regulation of markets Provision of physical infrastructure Cooperative marketing Minimum support price Grading and quality control Dissemination of information. Measures initiated by government

15. Government intervention should increase More of rural periodic markets should be developed There should be increased provision of more infrastructural facilities Abolition of intermediaries Provision of standardizing and grading Dissemination of market related information through electronic media New cooperative marketing societies Easy credit to the farmers  Suggestions to improve the agricultural marketing system

16. Aspect of diversification Diversification of crop production ( change in cropping pattern) Diversification of productive activities ( shift of workforce from agriculture to other allied activities and non-agricultural sector like live stock, poultry, fisheries etc.,) Diversification in agriculture

17. Animal husbandry It provides stability in income, food security , transportation, fuel ad nutrition for the family 70 million small and marginal farmers provides alternate livelihood Poultry account for the largest share with 58% followed by others Dairy sector over last 3 decades has been quite impressive Operation flood – milk produced according to different grading Non farm areas of employment

18. Fisheries Fish production from inland sources contributes about 64 % to the total fish production and the balance 36% comes from the marine sector Today total fish production accounts for 0.8% of total GDP.

19. Horticulture  It contribute nearly one third of the value of agriculture output and 6% of GDP of India. 2014-15 production of fruits and vegetables was around 87 million tons and 170 million tons respectively

20. Organic farming

21.  Needed It is an economic farming technology. It can be picked up by small and marginal farmers There is urgent requirement to optimally utile our scarce resources so that they can be preserved for future generations too to promote sustainable development. Conventional farming methods use chemical based fertilitsers and topic pesticides which deplete the soil and devastate natural eco system, so there is urgent need of an eco-friendly technology like organic farming.

22. Economical Generation of income Healthy food Environment friendly Generates employment Maintains natural eco-system Benefits of organic farming

23. Needs popularization Inadequate infrastructure and marketing Less output Shorter shelf life Limited choice in production Challenges before organic farming

24. Thank You