S.mythili 2015021085-fusarium wilt of brinjal

PATHOLOGY

1. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY (Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3) Kullapuram (Po), ViaVaigai Dam, Theni-625 562 FUSARIUM WILT OF BRINJAL Submitted by Course teacher S.MYTHILI Dr.Parthasarathy.S 2015021085 Assistant Professor (Plant Pathology)

2. Fusarium wilt of brinjal Fusarium solani History It was first reported in  south of Turkey in 2002 Pathogen

3. Host and distribution Tomato, Tobacco , Legumes , Cucurbits , Sweet potatoes and Banana are a few of the most susceptible plants, but it also infect other herbaceous plants.

4. Symptoms Yellowing of lower leaves. Leaves are droop, wilt and die. Brown discoloration in vascular tissue www.nexles.com

5. http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org

6. Systematic position Kingdom: Fungi Division: Ascomycota Class: Sordariomycetidae Subclass: Hypocreomycetidae Order: Hypocreales Family: Nectriaceae Genus : Fusarium Species : F.  solani

7. Pathogen F. solani  has no known sexual stage, but produces three types of asexual spores- microconidia , macroconidia and   chlamydospores . The microconidia are the most abundantly produced spores. They are oval, elliptical or kidney shaped and produced on aerial mycelia.

8. Macroconidia , which have three to five cells and have gradually pointed or curved edges, are found on sporodochia on the surface of diseased plant (in culture the sporodochia may be sparse or nonexistent ). Fusarium c hlamydospores are usually formed singly or in pairs, but can sometimes be found in clusters or in short chains. They are round thick walled spores produced within or terminally on an older mycelium or in macroconidia .

9. http://www.research gate.net

10. Disease cycle F. solani is a common soil pathogen and saprophyte that feeds on dead and decaying organic matter. It survives in the soil debris as a mycelium and all spore types, but is most commonly recovered from the soil as chlamydospores .

11. This pathogen spreads in two basic ways: it spreads short distances by water splash and by planting equipment and long distances by infected transplants and seeds. F. solani  infects a healthy plant by means of mycelia or by germinating spores penetrating the plant root tips, root wounds or lateral roots. The mycelium advances intracellularly through the root cortex and into the xylem.

12. Eventually the spores and the mycelia clog the vascular vessels, which prevents the plant from up-taking and translocating nutrients. In the end the plant transpires more than it can transport, the stomata close, the leaves wilt, and the plant dies. After the plant dies the fungus invades all tissues, sporulates and continues to infect neighbouring plants.

13. Favourable Conditions The development of these disease is favoured by high temperature and warm moist soil.

14. Mode of spread Primary spread- Soil borne chlamydospores . Secondary spread- Water borne conidia.

15. Management Purchase disease free seeds. Clean soil and plant debris off all equipment prior to moving to a new field. Completely remove infected plants. Burn or burry plants in an area that will not be used for solanaceous crops.

16. Rotation away from susceptible crops for 3-5 years will reduce disease, but careful weed management must be done during this period. Use of calcium nitrate fertilizer instead of ammonium nitrate can reduce Fusarium disease severity in some soils. In acidic soils, raising the soil pH to 7 can help to control the disease incidence.

17. Reference http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/crop_protection/crop_prot_crop%20diseases_veg_brinjal.html http :// www.kisansuvidha.com/brinjal-diseases http:// nhb.gov.in/pdf/vegetable/brinjal/bri002.pdf https:// www.researchgate.net/publication/271647299_Bacterial_wilt_in_brinjal_and_its_management https:// www.ndrs.org.uk/article.php?id=011005 https://pnwhandbooks.org

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