SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel) for fossil

Process SAF

1. SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel) for airplane for replacing fussel oil

2. i s an alternative fuel made from non-petroleum feedstocks that reduces emissions from air transportation and a safe replacement and almost chemically identical to traditional jet fuel with produced from 100% renewable waste and residue raw materials, such as used cooking oil and animal fat waste SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel)

3. Vision of SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel) As producer of sustainable aviation fuel, renewable diesel and renewable feedstock solutions for various polymers and chemicals industry uses, This on business is built upon sustainability. For refine waste, residues and other innovative raw materials into renewable fuels and more sustainable feedstocks for plastics and other materials.

4. The Journey Of SAF SAF can be produced from non-petroleum-based renewable feedstocks including, but not limited to the food and yard waste portion of municipal solid waste, woody biomass, fats/greases/oils, and other feedstocks

5. Standard Specification of SAF ASTM D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons ASTM D7566   Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels allows co-processing of biomass feedstocks

6. SAF Production Pathway NO Pathway ASTM Blending Limitation Feedstocks Options 1 Fischer-Tropsch (FT) Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) D7566 50% Coal, Natural Gas, biomass (syngas) 2 Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids D7566 50% Vegetable Oils and fats, animal fat, recycled oils 3 Hydroprocessed Fermented Sugars to Synthetic Isoparaffins D7566 10% Biomass used sugar production 4 FT-SPK with Aromatics D7566 50% Coal, Natural Gas, biomass 5 Alcohol-to-Jet Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene D7566 50% Ethanol or isobutanol 6 Catalytic Hydrothermolysis Synthesized Kerosene D7566 50% Triglyceride-based feedstocks 7 Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids D7566 10% Algal oil NO Pathway ASTM Blending Limitation Feedstocks Options 1 Co-Processing of mono-,di-, and triglycerides, free fatty acids, and fatty acid esters D1655 5% Fats, oils, and greases 2 FT Co-Processing of hydrocarbons derived from synthesis gas via Fisher Tropch process using iron or cobalt catalyst D1655 5% FT biocrude (Fisher- Tropsch hydrocarbons)

7. The main composition of SAF Compared with conventional jet fuel, SAF has a higher hydrogen-to-carbon ratio and flashpoint, indicating that SAF has lower emission pollution and is safer 67% ISOALKANES 25% NORMAL-ALKANES 8% AROMATICS

8. Process Production SAF With Pathway Fisher Tropsch Diesel and Jet Fuel Natural Gas Coal Biomass Gasification Reaktor Fisher Tropsh Syngas CO+2H 2 Fisher Tropsh Wax Product Upgrading Synfining

9. Reaction of The Fischer- Tropsch process GAS Liquid Paraffins Olefins OxygenatedCompounds ( alcohols and aldehyde)

10. Process for renewable jet fuel With UOP Technologi

11. Process Simulation AVTUR from CDU (Crude Distilation Unit)

12. Standard Properties Comparation NO Standard Avtur Bioavtur 1 Lower Heating Value (MJ/kg) 42.8 (min) 44.46 2 Density (kg/m3) 15C 750-801 756.1 3 Boiling Point (C) 270 (max) 244 4 Viscosity @20C ( cP ) n/a 1.837 5 Kinematic Viscosity @20C ( cSt ) 8.8 (max) 2.42

13. Estimates for the percentage transportation energy use by types or modes of transportation in 2021 are:

14. Fuel properties needed in SAF must meet three general requirements 1 ) Performance 2 ) Operability 3 ) Drop-in compatibility. These requirements are essential for safety, general usage, and execution of commercial and military missions.

15. Benefits for used SAF Renewable hydrocarbon biofuels offer many benefits, including : Engine and infrastructure compatibility Fewer emissions More flexibility

16. Thank You