Saint Helen of the Cross, mother of Emperor Constantine.pptx

Helena of Constantiople, who discovered the true cross in Jerusalem

1. Saint Helen of the Cross, Mother of Emperor Constantine 246-326 a.D.

2.   She was born in the lower classes  traditionally in the Greek city of Drepanon, Bithynia, in Asia Minor, which was renamed Helenopolis in her honor ,

3. Bishop Ambrose of Milan, writing in the late 4th century was the first to call her a stabularia, a term translated as "stable-maid" or "inn-keeper".

4.   Constantius may have met her while serving under Emperor  Aurelian stationed in Asia Minor for the campaign against Zenobia.

5. Helena gave birth to the future emperor  Constantine I  on 27 February probably around 272 . At the time , she was in Naissus (Niš,   Serbia).

6. In order to obtain a wife more consonant with his rising status, Constantius divorced Helena before 289. Then he married  Theodora,  Maximian's daughter under his command 293 a.d.

7. Helena and her son were dispatched to the court of Diocletian at Nicomedia, where Constantine grew to be a member of the inner circle.

8. Helena never remarried and lived for a time in obscurity, though close to her only son, who had a deep regard and affection for her.

9. Constantine was proclaimed augustus   ( emperor) in 306 by Constantius' troops after the latter had died, and following his elevation his mother was brought back to the public life in 312, returning to the imperial court

10. She lived in the Horti Spei Veteris in Rome which she converted into an even more luxurious palace.

11. When Constantine became the sole ruler of the Roman Empire, Helena was granted honors . She was named Augusta, or empress, in 325, and enjoyed great influence in the imperial court .

12. According to Eusebius, Helena was converted to Christianity by Constantine, (who may have converted from contact with Christians in Britain).

13. She was also known to generously help the poor.

14. Because of her piety, she exerted a great influence over Constantine and he held her in high esteem.

15. He appointed her as Augusta, and gave her unlimited access to the imperial treasury in order to locate the relics of the Christian tradition.

16. In AD 326–28 Helena went on pilgrimage to Palestine. According to Eusebius of Caesarea, and Socrates Scholasticus, she was responsible for the construction or beautification of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem,

17. and the Church of Eleona on the Mount of Olives; sites of Christ's birth and ascension, respectively. 

18. Local founding legend attributes to Helena's orders the construction of a church in Egypt to identify the Burning Bush of Sinai.

19. The chapel at Saint Catherine's Monastery—often referred to as the Chapel of Saint Helen—is dated to the year 330 .

20. Emperor   Hadrian  had built during the 130s a temple to Venus over the supposed site of Jesus' tomb near   Calvary, and renamed the city Aelia Capitolina. 

21. Helena chose a site to begin excavating, which led to the recovery of three different crosses. On the site of discovery, Constantine ordered the building of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

22. The bishop and historian Eusebius of Caesarea states that Helena was about 80 on her return from Palestine

23. Sozomen and  Theodoret   claim that Helena also found the nails of the crucifixion . To use their miraculous power to aid her son, Helena allegedly had one placed in Constantine's helmet, and another in the bridle of his horse .

24. According to one tradition, Helena acquired the Holy Tunic on her trip to Jerusalem and it is preserved in the basilica in Trier, Germany

25. Several relics purportedly discovered by Helena are now in Cyprus, where she spent some time. Among them are items believed to be part of Jesus Christ's tunic, pieces of the holy cross, and pieces of the rope with which Jesus was tied on the Cross. The rope has been held at the Stavrovouni Monastery, which was also said to have been founded by Helena.

26. Local tradition holds that Helena imported hundreds of cats from Egypt or Palestine in the fourth century to rid a monastery of snakes. The monastery is today known as "St. Nicholas of the Cats" (Greek Άγιος Νικόλαος των Γατών) and is located near  Limassol .

27. in 327 Helena brought to Rome her large parts of the True Cross and other relics, which were then stored in her palace's private chapel, now the  Basilica of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme which is maintained by  Cistercian   monks.

28. Helena died around 330, with her son at her side. She was buried in the Mausoleum of Helena, outside Rome on the Via Labicana .

29. Her sarcophagus  is on display in the Pio-Clementine Vatican Museum, next to the sarcophagus of her granddaughter  Constantina  (Saint Constance).

30. in 1154 her remains were replaced in the sarcophagus with the remains of Pope Anastasius IV, and Helena's remains were moved to Santa Maria in Ara Coeli

31. Her alleged skull is displayed in the east crypt of the Cathedral of Trier, in   Germany  

32. Portions of her relics are found at the Église Saint-Leu-Saint-Gilles in Paris,

33. and at the Abbaye Saint-Pierre d'Hautvillers .

34. The church of Sant'Elena in   Venice   claims to have the complete body of the saint enshrined under the main altar. 

35. Both Geoffrey of Monmouth and Henry of Huntingdon promoted a popular tradition that Helena was a British princess and the daughter of "Old King Cole" from the area of Colchester. This led to the later dedication of 135 churches in England to her, many in around the area of Yorkshire

36.   St Helen's Chapel in Colchester was believed to have been founded by Helena

37. She is also the patron saint of Abingdon and Colchester.

38. At least twenty-five holy wells  currently e xist in the UK dedicated to a Saint Helen .

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