Sanitary Fittings (taps, Faucets, Mixing units, valves etc))

Water Supply Sanitary Fittings

1. UNIT-II: WATER SUPPLY-II PRESENTED BY: DR. AKSHAY WAYAL B.Arch M.Arch (Const. Mngt), Ph.D (Architecture). Assistant Professor TAPS FAUCETS AND OTHER FITTINGS. MIXING UNITS FLUSHING CISTERNS AND FLUSH VALVES

2. TAPS FAUCETS AND OTHER FITTINGS.

3. Water Tap:- Its uses include drinking, washing, cooking, and the flushing of toilets. Material use in manufacturing of water taps:- Brass An Alloy Of Copper Steel Zinc is the most widely used material for tap due to its resistance to soft-water corrosion and hard-water calcification.

4. TYPES OF WATER TAPS: Bib taps Pillar taps Ceramic Disk Quarter Turn taps Long handle water tap Mixer taps (Mixing Units) . Washerless Tap:

5. NO TAP USES 1 Bib tap A well mounted tap primarily used over sinks and also for outdoor use. 2 Pillar tap Used on sinks, wash hand basins and baths. 3 Mixer taps A tap in which hot and cold water are delivered through a common spout. Used on sinks, wash hand basins and baths. 4 Flushing Cistern/tanks Water storage for toilets USES OF DIFFERENT WATER TAPS:

6. BIBCOCK/ BIB TAP: A tap with a horizontal inlet and a nozzle arrange discharge in a downward direction. Nominal Sizes: The nominal sizes of bib taps shall be 8, 10, 15,20 and 25 mm. Are fixed to the wall with a back plate. Bib taps are often fitted externally for outside use. Bib taps can be plain or chromium plated.

7. Long Body Bib Cock:  A tap with a bent nozzle fixed at the end of a pipe with an extra length of the nozzle Use To give more space between wall and the water drop point of bib cock. The only difference between bib cock and long body bib cock is its nozzle’s length. A wide bucket or washing utensils or cloths becomes easy. It also has a standard size of 15mm Two types are: A. Long Body Bib Cock: B. Two Way Bib Cock

8. B. Two Way Bib Cock :  Two way bib is a modern creation to give you a flexibility to connect health faucet or hand shower or even connection point for wash basin along with standard operating bib cock. They are widely used to avoid an extra angle cock to connect health faucet alongside the wall hung or European W.C.

9. 2. LONG HANDLE WATER TAP: These types taps have long handle to flow the water from the tap. These are special type of tap not use in wash basin and bathrooms . Uses: Use In Medical ,Clinic Advantage Disadvantage More Hygienic And Safe From Germs. Costly , Cant Use In Home .

10. 3. PILLER TAP: It is a draw-off tap with a vertical inlet and an up tilted or a horizontal free outlet. They are manufactured with long inlet threads which allow them to be fitted through sanitary appliances and thereby clamped in position. When fitting pillar taps it is essential to ensure that an adequate “air gap ” is allowed for, to prevent back siphonage. The most traditional style, pillar taps are the classic “hot and cold” style : Two separate taps , one for each temperature. Uses: Use in both baths and basins Advantage Disadvantage Pillar taps tend to be affordable and easy to install. Two separate tap for hot and cold water.

11. 4. Ceramic Disk Quarter Turn Taps: Disk taps are also single handle mixer taps and are identified by their wide cylindrical body. They work using two ceramic disks which have holes that, when aligned, allow the water to pass. This means that disk taps only ever require a quarter turn to reach full capacity and are easily handled.  Advantage Disadvantage Full capacity can easily handle. There are a few parts that need repair after some time. small particles of dirt, grit or other foreign body can get trapped .

12. 4. Ceramic Disk Quarter Turn Taps: Disk taps are also single handle mixer taps and are identified by their wide cylindrical body. They work using two ceramic disks which have holes that, when aligned, allow the water to pass. This means that disk taps only ever require a quarter turn to reach full capacity and are easily handled. 

13. CERAMIC TAP COMPONENTS A = Spout, B = Tap cartridge O ring etc, C = Handle, D = Retaining screw, E = Screw cover/Hot-Cold indicator. CERAMIC TAP INNER COMPONENTS A = Disc retaining washer, B = Ceramic discs, C = O ring which stops any water seepage up to the head of the tap, D = Valve retaining nut, E = Spindle on which the handle sits. LABELED RETAINING WASHER COMPONENTS A = Valve body, B = Ceramic discs, C = Retaining washer CERAMIC TAP - RETAINING WASHER

14. Angle Valve:  Angle valve designed to provide an aesthetic appeal by concealing the water connection in the wall. Wall mounted and easily accessible handle allows for quick isolation of the water supply.

15. SHOWER ROSES: 

16. II. MIXER TAP ( MIXING UNITS):

17. 2.MIXER TAP: They are designed to deliver hot and cold water through a common spout. Mixer taps have either a single or two handles on either side of a single spout. Hot and cold water are mixed in the body of the tap, while.Water flow and temperature are controlled by the individual/separate handles. Uses: use in bath and basin. Many mixer taps feature a practical pop-up waste mechanism. Advantage Disadvantage Only one tap for hot and cold water and affordable. Can emerge the hot and cold water . Some mixers may require relatively high pressure to work properly One major drawback to mixer taps with a swivel outlet is the fact that the neoprene “O” ring used to ensure a watertight seal tends to wear out and therefore requires frequent replacement.

18. Single Outlet Mixer

19. Single Outlet Mixer Double Outlet Mixer The hot and cold water is mixed in the tap body or spout Those in which the hot and cold water do not actually mix until it is discharged from the outlet nozzle This type is only suitable for use when the water from the hot and cold supplies are at equal pressures. Failure to observe this could result in the water having greater pressure flowing back down the other feed pipe. This results in unsatisfactory water flows discharging from the nozzle outlet. There is also a risk of contamination from stored water getting into the mains water supply. There are two basic designs of mixer taps:

20. 5. WASHERLESS TAP: Its a single-handle tap that could control the hot and cold water with one motion.   Advantage Disadvantage Better Protects the Water Valve . Cheaper Replacement Parts. These are prone to leaking more than other types of taps.

21. III. FLUSHING CISTERNS (flush tank):

22. FLUSHING CISTERNS (flush tank): These are used for flushing water closets and urinals after use There are several types of flushing cisterns High – level cisterns operate with minimum height of 125 cm between the top of the pan and the underside of the cistern Low – level cisterns function at a height not more than 30 cm between the top of the pan and the underside of the cistern. Specification: • Capacity of the cistern from 5 to 15 liters (popular : 9 liter)

23. Types of Flushing Cisterns (Flush Tank):

24. 2. PISTON FLUSHING/ VALVE FLUSHING CISTERN: The piston type flushing cistern, operates as follows: When the lever is depressed sharply, the piston is lifted, which displaces water over the siphon. Water discharging down the flush pipe takes some air with it and creates a partial vacuum in the siphon. The greater air pressure acting upon the water in the cistern forces water through the siphon until air is admitted under the piston, which breaks the siphon action.

25. How does it works…?

26. FLUSH VALVE: The flush valve , located in the middle of the toilet tank, includes the overflow tube, the hole where water enters the bowl when the toilet is flushed and the rubber tank ball or flapper that covers the hole when the tank is full.

27. HEALTH FAUCETS: Health Faucets are hand-held devices that come with a triggered nozzle, similar to a hand shower or a spray that delivers a jet of water to assist in cleansing and cleaning after urination of defecation.