Sanitary Installation and Appliances

Short presentation for Sanitary Installation & Appliances. It present what are the Sanitary Appliances & Installations.

1. Sanitary Installation and
Appliances

2. Requirement of Design
➢A sanitary appliance should be designed so that its fouling area is reduced
to the minimum and should have durable, easily cleaned and non-
absorbent surface.
➢Before starting to design the floor plan of any structure, the designer
needs to know the following information.
•Building type: Residential Building or Public Building /
Commercial / Office Building .
•Consumer.

3. Sanitary Appliances
Why Need?
To used for cleansing and disposing of waste
Product.
There are two types of sanitary appliances
▪Wasteappliances.(Bidets,Wash
basins,Sinks,Showers/Bathstubs,
Drinkingfountains)
▪Soilappliances.(Watercloset,urinals)

4. Features of Sanitary Appliances
•Non -absorbent
•Non -corroding
•Smooth
•Easily cleaned material
Materials
•Ceramicware
•Vitreousenameled
•Castiron
•Stainsteel
•Plastic(thermosetting
andthermoplastic)

5. What are the Sanitary Appliances
•Water Closet
•Urinal
•Bidet
•Wash Basin
•Sink
•Bathtub
•Shower

6. Water Closet
There are two types of water closets,
•Wash -Down(box rim, open rim or
rimless)
•Syphonic

7. Working principle
•In a wash down action toilet, the water from
the tank pours into the bowl and washes the
material down the outlet.
•It is a “pushing” action only, and does not
evacuate the bowl. Waste is simply “pushed”
by free flowing water out of the trap way
(usually 4” in diameter).
•These toilets have small (4’’ x 5’’) water
surface areas in the bowls that are deep down
in the bowl.

8. Flushing Cistern
Function: Used to flush away the contents of soil fitting to
the drain.
Specification: Fixed 2m and 0.6 m above floor level. Capacity
of the cistern from 5 to 15 liters (popular : 9 liter)
Types of Flushing Cisterns
•PistonFlushingCistern
•AutomaticFlushingCistern
•BelltypeFlushingCistern
Automatic
Piston

9. Piston Flushing Cistern
Thepistontypeflushingcistern,operatesasfollows:
•Whentheleverisdepressedsharply,thepistonis
lifted,whichdisplaceswateroverthesiphon.
•Waterdischargingdowntheflushpipetakessomeair
withitandcreatesapartialvacuuminthesiphon.
•Thegreaterairpressureactinguponthewaterinthe
cisternforceswaterthroughthesiphonuntilairis
admittedunderthepiston,whichbreaksthesiphon
action.

10. Automatic Flushing Cistern
•Automaticflushingcisterndesignedtodischargeits
contentsofwateratregularintervalsintoaurinal.
•Therateatwhichthewaterwillflushdependsupon
therateatwhichthewaterisfedintothecisternand
forasingleinstallationthisshouldnotexceedten
litersperhour.
•Theseflushwaterautomaticallyoncein10–15
minutes.
•Topreventwastageofwaterfromthesecistern,at
timeswhenthecisternisnotusedsuchasat
weekends,anAutomaticFlowCutOffDeviceshould
befitted.

11. Bell Type Flushing Cistern
Thebell-typeflushingcisternisrathernoisybutmaybe
usedinfactoriesandschools.
•Thecisternisoperatedbythechainbeingpulleddown
whichalsoliftsthebell.
•Whenthechainisreleasedthebellfallsthusdisplacing
waterunderthebelldownthestandpipe.
•Siphonicactionisthencreatedwhichemptiesthe
cistern.

12. Dimensions of water closet & cistern

13. Urinal
•Theyaredesignedtoacceptanddisposeofliquidhuman
wastesonly.
•Thetypesofurinalare
▪ceramicslab,
▪stalltype
▪bowltype.
•Theslabtypeischeaperthanthestalltype,butitdoesnot
providethesamedegreeofprivacy.
•Theinstallationofceramicbowl-typeurinal,whichhaveless
foulingareathentheslabandstallurinals.

14. Slab Urinal Stall Urinal
Bowl Urinal

15. Bidet
•Asanitaryapplianceprimarilydesignedtowashthe
excretoryorgansandmayalsobeusedasfootbath.
•Thehotandcoldwatersuppliesare13mminternal
diameterandhotwatermaybesuppliedtotherim.
•Bidetswhicharefittedtomainsupplymustbeofa
designwhichisnotequippedwithasubmersible
ascendingspray,butmustbeoftheover-rimtype,i.e.
pillartaps.

16. Wash Basin
TherearefourtypesofwashBasin,
•Wallmounted
•Pedestal
•Countertop
•Vessel

17. Wall mounted Wash Basin
Varioustypesofbrackets(e.g.screwtowall,
towelrailorconcealed)areavailableto
supportwallmountedbasins.Whichevertype
isused,ensurethefixingmethodandthewall
itselfisofsufficientload-bearingstrength.
Pedestal
Pedestalwashbasinstendtobelargerwiththeir
additionalweightbeingsupportedbythepedestal.
Thepedestalhastheaddedadvantageof
concealingthewasteandsupplypipesgivinga
neaterappearanceforbathroom/bedroom
applications.

18. Semi Pedestal Wash Basin
Thisisanincreasinglypopularchoiceasthey
areaestheticallypleasing,makeveryeffective
useoflimitedspaceandenableeasy
cleaning.
Countertop Wash Basin
Therearetwotypesofcountertopwash
basins,
•SemiCountertop.
•UnderCountertop.
Afullcountertopbasinismadewitha
flangethatallowsthebasintositintoan
openinginthecountertop.Thejointshould
bemadeusingawaterproofsealant. Countertop Semi CountertopUnder Countertop.

19. Vessel
•Historically,theoldestformofwashbasin.The
moderndayequivalentisfittedwithcentral
drainage.
•Vesselbasinsaremanufacturedinawiderangeof
materialsenablingmoreoptionsinthedesignand
fashionelementsofthemodernbathroom.
•Avesselbasincanbemountedonavarietyof
surfacese.g.countertop,bathroomfurnitureor
simpleshelving.Therearemanyshapesandsizes
ofvesselbasinanditisessentialtofollowthe
manufacturer’sinstallationinstructions,asfitting
instructionscanvary.

20. Assembling Wash Basin

21. Sink
•Sinksofalltypesareinwideuseinamultitudeof
differentapplications.
•SuchasSurgeon’sscrubsinks,servicesinks,lavatories
sinks,barsinks,kitchensinkarejustafewofthemore
commononesusedinplumbingsystems.
•Sinkscanbemadeofporcelain,stainlesssteel,plastic,
fiberglassoranyothernonporousmaterial.
•Sinkscanbewallmounted,floormounted,setinto
countertoporfreestandingwithlegs.

22. Bath Tubs
•Asanitaryapplianceinwhichthehumanbodycanbe
immersedandcleansed.
•Bathtubsareavailableinenameledcastiron,pressedsteelor
invarioustypesofplasticsandacrylics.
•Bathtubshouldbefixedaslowaspossibletoassistgettingin
andout.Thestandardlengthofarectangularbathtubis1.7
m.
•Thewatersupplymaybepillartabsorbyaspecialfitting
incorporatingadiverterandashower.
•Fordomesticinstallations,thetapsandsupplypipesare19
mminternaldiameter,butforinstitutionstheseare
sometimesenlargeto25mm,toincreasethespeedoffilling.

24. Shower
•Ashowerisadeviceforwashing,typicallyconsisting
ofanenclosedareaandanoverheadnozzle.
•Touseashowerahumanstandsintheenclosed
areawhilethenozzlesprayswaterdownonthe
body.
•Showersareprimarilyusedforhygieneandwashing
purposesandareofteninstalledinbathrooms.

25. Shower Tray
•Apreformedtraythatcreatesahobinthe
showerrecessarea.
•Sizeofshowertray:-
i.915mmx915mmx178mm
ii.760mmx760mmx178mm
iii.610mmx610mmx178mm

26. sanitary appliances installation standard
dimensions in bath room

27. Bathroom Fitting High above floor level
Vanity 3ft
Shower Head 6ft to 6.5ft
Taps & Water Basin 3ft to 3.5ft
Mirror 4.5ft
Shelves 3ft to 4ft
Soap dish 44 inches to 54 inches
Towel Ring 50 inches to 52 inches
Towel Rail 48 inches
Cabinet 54 inch to 6ft
Toilet Paper holder 1ft
Light Fixture 8ft

28. Thedesignofsanitarypipeworksystems:
•This should contain a minimum number
of tubes.
•They must carry dirty water quickly and
quietly.
•It should not endanger or
harm the health.

29. Traps and discharge pipes to
sanitary appliances
•Everysanitaryapplianceshouldbefittedwithatrapeitherasanintegralpartof
theapplianceorattachedtoandimmediatelybeneathitsoutlet.
•Alltrapsshouldbeaccessibleandprovidedwithadequatemeansofcleaningand
forthispurposethereisanadvantageinprovidingtrapswhicharecapableofbeing
readilyremovedordismantled.

30. The minimum internal diameters of traps to various
appliances are as follows
Appliances Minimum installation Diameter
Wash Basin 32mm (1Τ
1
4”)
Bidet 32mm (1Τ
1
4”)
Sink 40mm (1Τ
1
2”)
Bath/Shower Try 40mm (1Τ
1
2”)
Bath tub 50mm (2”)

31. •Anairpocketformsbetweenthewaterattemptingtoremaininthetrapandthe
wastewaterflowingtowardsthestack.
•Thestaticpressureofthisairisbelowatmosphericpressure,andthewaterinthe
trapispushedawayfromthetrap,leavinganinadequateornon-existentseal.(also
noiseiscreated).
•Theproblemisavoidedbyusing32mmpipesonlywhenthelengthisrestrictedto
1.70mataslopeof20mm/mrun.

32. Vent Pipes for Basins Remotely Located from the Stack
Whereistheventstacklocated?
Thestackventisanextensionofaparticularareacalledthewastestack.This
isalsolocatedonthemostverticalportionoftheroof.Thestackventis
distinguishedbythefactthatitcontainsadirectconnectionwiththeoutsideair

33. References
https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/187532771957565702/
https://www.badeloftusa.com/ideas/bathtub-dimensions/
https://www.hindwarehomes.com/urinals.aspx
Lecture Note

34. END