sanitation in malawi and africa 2024.pptx

Sanitation in Malawi is a significant public health concern, especially in rural areas where access to proper sanitation facilities is limited. Here are key points related to sanitation in the country:

Access to Sanitation Facilities:

According to statistics, access to improved sanitation in Malawi remains low. Many communities rely on pit latrines, while access to flush toilets and sewer systems is mostly confined to urban areas.
In rural areas, open defecation is still a challenge due to a lack of adequate sanitation facilities.
Health Impacts:

Poor sanitation contributes to the spread of diseases such as cholera, diarrhea, and dysentery, which are major causes of child mortality in Malawi.
Outbreaks of waterborne diseases often occur during the rainy season when floodwaters contaminate drinking water sources.
Sanitation and Hygiene Programs:

Malawi has implemented various sanitation and hygiene programs aimed at increasing access to latrines, improving water sources, and promoting handwashing with soap.
Organizations like UNICEF and the World Bank, along with local governments, have been instrumental in driving community-led sanitation campaigns such as "Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS)" to encourage the building and use of toilets.
Government Initiatives:

The Malawian government has made efforts to improve sanitation by developing national policies and strategies, such as the National Sanitation Policy, which aims to ensure universal access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene services by 2030 in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Challenges:

Despite progress, challenges remain including inadequate funding, rapid population growth, and limited infrastructure in rural areas.
The high poverty levels in Malawi also make it difficult for households to afford improved sanitation facilities.

1. SANITATION Your name B. Sc. (N) Course: edit

2. OBJECTIVES At the end of the, you must be able to Define sanitation and its purposes. List out the components of sanitation. Discuss the effects of poor sanitation. Discuss the illness prevention through sanitation. Describe the nurses responsibility in sanitation.

3. CONTENT INTRODUCTION DEFINITION PURPOSES OF SANITATION COMPONENTS OF SANITATION EFFECTS OF POOR SANITATION MANAGEMENT OF POOR SANITATION

4. INTRODUCTION Sanitation refers to the condition or means for good health by organizing good sanitary arrangements especially clean water, disposal of wastes, human excreta, food, housing, environment.

5. DEFINITION The process of keeping places free from dirt, infection, diseases, etc., by removing waste, trash and garbage, by cleaning streets, washing yourself, safe drinking water, etc

6. PURPOSES OF SANITATION The overall purposes of sanitation are: To provide a healthy living environment for everyone. To protect the natural resources(ground water, surface water, soil). To provide safety, security and dignity for people when they defecate or urinate. To safely reduce human exposure to pathogens. To prevent mosquito breeding. To maintain and practice healthy lifestyles. To have a healthy mind.

7. COMPONENTS OF SANITATION

8. 1. WATER SANITATION PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY MUST BE – 1. Safe 2. Cheap 3. Reasonably soft TREATMENT OF WATER – 1. Boiling 2. Chlorination 3. Iodine treatment 4. Filtration 2. FOOD & MILK SANITATION Food DO’S - Keep it cold or hot - cover it properly DON’T’S - High temperature - High humidity - Contamination by strong odors Milk - Sterilization - Pasteurization

9. 3. AIR SANITATION Fumigation ( eg :silver hydrogen peroxide under the trade name alstasan silvox ) Formaldehyde (slow acting) 4. SEWAGE DISPOSAL municipality system Off- site sewer system On-site system Full sewage system Pit latrines

10. 5. REFUSE DISPOSAL COMMUNITY Dumping Sanitary landfill Composting Incineration Reduction and salvage HOUSEHOLD Burning Burial Feeding to animals 6. VECTOR CONTROL Chemical method ( Insecticides, Larvicides etc ) Physical method ( removing unused plastic pools, old buckets, water storage for long time ) Biological control ( using natural enemies eg: Gambusia )

11. EFFECTS OF POOR SANITATION

12. MANAGEMENT OF POOR SANITATION