Sanskritisation pptx

Meaning of Sanskritisation as a process of Social Change

1. Dr Anil Bhatt Dept of Sociology SANSKRITISATION

2. M.N.Srinivas Born- 16 th November 1916 Died- 30 th November 1999 Education- PhD from University Bombay (now Mumbai) Main Works- Religion and Society Among Coorgs (1952) Social Change in Modern India (1966) The Remembered Village (1972) Dimensions of Social Change in India (1977) Awarded Padma Bhushan in 1977 Area of Work/Interest- Social Stratification and Caste System Introduced the terms- Sanskritisation, Brahamanisation,Westernisation Sanskritisation( Brahmins, Kshatriya, Vaishyas) is a broader term than Brahmanisation ( Brahmins are the only reference groups for the lower castes .

3. Definition M.N. Sriniwas (1962)- Sanskritisation is the process of mobility of lower castes by adopting vegetarianism and teetotalism to move in the caste hierarchy in a generation or a two. M.N. Sriniwas (1971)- Sanskritisation is a process by which a low caste or a tribe or other group changes its customs, rituals ideology and way of life in the direction of a high and frequently, twice born caste Daniel Lerner - Sanskritisation is a process of social change whereby less developed societies acquire the characteristics common to more developed societies. Lerner also terms this process as Modernisation

4. Hindu Caste Structure

5. MODEL OF SANSKRITISATION

6. Characteristics Imitation to raise Social Status Related to the Lower castes It denotes upward mobility Ideology Borrowing Process Change in ideals – adopting new ideas norms and behaviour patterns It results in positional (avastha) changes but not structural changes Sanskritisation not confined to castes but tribes too. Gonds, Oraon of central Indi, Bhils of the West India. North East tribes etc G. S.Ghurye -Indian Tribes are Backward Hindus Helpful in the social mobility of lower castes Sanskrtisation is not restricted to Brahmanisation The process of sanskritisation takes time- takes 2-3 generations before their claim can be accepted The Process serves as a Reference Group Yogendra Singh has taken Sanskritization as anticipatory Socialisation

7. Forms of Sanskritisation

8. Factors of Sanskritisation Means of Transport, Media and Communication- The radio, the cinema, the microphone, newspaper, religious journals have been contributing to the popularization of Sanskritic values and ideologies. Development of road and transportation in the areas previously inaccessible accelerated the process of Sanskritisation . The railways and other improved means of communication enabled people to visit religious centres Education-  Spread of literacy among the low caste groups made Sanskritization feasible. Economic factor- Better economic conditions also facilitate enhancement of the status of a caste in the local caste hierarchy. Urbanisation Social Reforms/ Movement- As a result of western education, socio-religious movements like the Arya Samaj , the Brahma Samaj and the Prathana Samaj came into being and which, in turn, contributed much to the process of Sanskritisation . Big cities, temples and pilgrimages( tirth sthaan)- Every temple and pilgrim centre also acts as a source of Sanskritization Constitutional and legal Provisions

9. Sanskritisation is process of social mobility M.N. Srinivas pointed in his studies towards change in accepted notion of rigidity and unchanging nature of caste system. Sanskritisation as a concept changed and addressed the actual complexity and fluidity of caste system However the earlier reference of the word sanskritisation was made in a paper presented by BR Ambedkar at an Anthropology Seminar in Columbia University on 9 th May 1916. The paper was titled as “ Castes in India: Their Mechanisms Genesis and Development .” In 1965, the University of Chicago organized a seminar on ‘Social Change in India’ . It was attended by Srinivas himself and a number of social anthropologists, such as Bernard S. Cohen, David G. Mandelbaum, McKim Marriott, Owen M. Lynch, Milton Singer . All these had rich experience of working in Indian villages. Sanskritisation was discussed thoroughly in this con­ference

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