Scada and power system automation

a perfect one for the engineering students.. scada+power system automation

1. SCADA AND POWER SYSTEM AUTOMATION - Presented by Shubham Kapoor 3 rd Year (6 th SEMESTER) Electrical and E lectronics E ngineering Roll No. 1274521010

2. Outline SCADA What is SCADA?? History of Scada Common Components of Scada System Components of Scada Future trends in S cada - continue

3. Power system automation Electrical power system What is power system automation Automation tasks IEDs Automation process Advantages Disadvantages Applications Conclusion

4. Scada S upervisory C ontrol A nd D ata A cquisition

5. What is Scada ?? According to Wikipedia Scada is ” SCADA   is a system operating with coded signals over communication channels so as to provide control of remote equipment (using typically one communication channel per remote station ).”

6. EXAMPLE OF SCADA

7. History of SCADA 1940 1950 1960 1965 1970 E lectric utility systems Telemetry and control Development General Electric and Control Corporation Solid state devices were developed Advanced Telemetry

8. Main Functions of SCADA

9. Common system components Remote Terminal Unit(RTU) Programmable logic Controller(PLC) Telemetry system Human machine interface Data Acquisition Server A supervisory (computer) system, gathering (acquiring) data on the process and sending commands (control) to the SCADA system. Communication infrastructure connecting the supervisory system to the remote terminal units. Various process and analytical instrumentation .

10. Remote Terminal Unit R emote T erminal U nit

11. RTU A remote terminal unit (RTU) is a microprocessor-controlled electronic device that interfaces objects in the physical world to a distributed control system or  SCADA  (supervisory control and data acquisition) system by transmitting  telemetry data to a master system, and by using messages from the master supervisory system to control connected objects.  Another term that may be used for RTU is remote telecontrol unit.

12. Two basic types of RTU: Single board RTU Modular RTU

13. Single board RTU W hich is compact, and contains all I/O on a single board. The single board RTU normally has fixed I/O (eg.16 digital inputs, 8 digital outputs, 8 analogue inputs, and say 4 analogue outputs) .

14. Modular RTU which has a separate CPU module, and can have other modules added, normally by plugging into a common "backplane" (a bit like a PC motherboard and plug in peripheral cards) is designed to be expanded by adding additional modules.

15. Architecture Power supply Digital or Status inputs Analog inputs Digital (control) outputs Analog outputs Software and logic control Communications IED communications Master communications

16. Programmable logic Controller ( PLC ) A programmable logic controller,  PLC  or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of typically industrial electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or light fixtures.  PLCs  are used in many industries and machines.

17. Human Machine Interface Human Machine Interface commonly known as  HMI  are deployed for control and visualization interface between a human and a process, machine, application and appliance. Increasingly, HMIs are becoming an integral part of Factory Automation.

18. Data Acquisition Server Network

19. Communication and software Communication and software The SCADA consist of Hardware and Software components. The hardware collects and feed data into a computer with SCADA software installed. The data is then processed by the computer before presenting it in a timely manner.

20. Database A structured set of data is held in a computer for the future reference

21. SCADA SYSTEM RTU(remote terminal unit) PLC Data Acquisition Server User interface (HMI) Communications Equipment and software

22. System Concept of SCADA

23. FUTURE TRENDS IN SCADA F U T U R E

24. FUTURE TRENDS IN SCADA First generation: " Monolithic“ Second generation: " Distributed“ Third generation: "Networked"

25. First generation: "Monolithic" In the first generation, computing was done by mainframe computers. Networks did not exist at the time SCADA was developed. Thus SCADA systems were independent systems with no connectivity to other systems. Wide Area Networks were later designed by RTU vendors to communicate with the RTU. The first-generation SCADA system was redundant since a back-up mainframe system was connected at the bus level and was used in the event of failure of the primary mainframe system. FUTURE TRENDS IN SCADA

26. Second generation: "Distributed" The processing was distributed across multiple stations which were connected through a LAN and they shared information in real time. Each station was responsible for a particular task thus making the size and cost of each station less than the one used in First Generation. FUTURE TRENDS IN SCADA

27. Third generation: "Networked" Due to the usage of standard protocols and the fact that many networked SCADA systems are accessible from the Internet, the systems are potentially vulnerable to remote attack. FUTURE TRENDS IN SCADA

28. POWER SYSTEM AUTOMATION

29. Electrical P ower System

30. What is power system automation?? Power-system automation is the act of automatically controlling the power system via instrumentation and control devices. Substation automation refers to using data from Intelligent electronic devices (IED), control and automation capabilities within the substation, and control commands from remote users to control power-system devices.

31. Automation Tasks.. Data acquisition Power System Supervision Power System Control Power System Automation I&C System IEDs

32. Intelligent Electronic Device Any device incorporating one or more processors with the capability to receive or send data/control from or to an external source (e.g., electronic multifunction meters , digital relays, controllers)

33. Instrument Transformers Instrument transformers are used to sense power system current and voltage values. They are physically connected to power system apparatus and convert the actual power system signals, which include high voltage and current magnitudes, down to lower signal levels

34. Transducer Transducers convert the analog output of an instrument transformer from one magnitude to another or from one value type to another, such as from an ac current to dc voltage.

35. Remote Terminal Unit, RTU

36. Communications Port Switch A communications switch is a device that switches between several serial ports when it is told to do so. The remote user initiates communications with the port switch via a connection to the substation, typically a leased line or dial-up telephone connection. Once connected, the user can route their communications through the port switch to one of the connected substation IEDs. The port switch merely “passes through” the IED communications.

37. Meter A meter is an IED that is used to create accurate measurements of power system current, voltage, and power values. Metering values such as demand and peak are saved within the meter to create historical information about the activity of the power system

38. Digital Fault Recorder A digital fault recorder (DFR), is an IED that records information about power system disturbances. It is capable of storing data in a digital format when triggered by conditions detected on the power system. Harmonics, frequency, and voltage are examples of data captured by DFRs.

39. Load Tap Changer (LTC ) Load tap changers are devices used to change the tap position on transformers. These devices work automatically or can be controlled via another local IED or from a remote operator or process .

40. Re closer Controller Re closer controllers remotely control the operation of automated re closers and switches. These devices monitor and store power system conditions and determine when to perform control actions . They also accept commands from a remote operator or process.

41. Time Synchronization Source A time synchronization source is an IED that creates a time-of-day value which is then broadcast to the IEDs in order to set all their clocks to the same time . Protocol Gateway IEDs communicate over serial connections by speaking a particular language or protocol. A protocol gateway converts communications from one protocol to another. This task is often performed by software on a personal computer.

42. HMI PLC &

43. Protective Relay A protective relay is an IED designed to sense power system disturbances and automatically perform control actions on the I&C system and the power system to protect personnel and equipment. SEL-351 Relay

44. Communications Processor A communications processor is a substation controller that incorporates the functions of many other I&C devices into one IED. SEL-2030 Communications Processor

45. Automation Process

46. Advantages

47. Disadvantages

48. Applications

49. Smart grid A smart grid is a modernized electrical grid that uses analogue or digital information and communications technology to gather and act on information, such as information about the behaviours of suppliers and consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity . Electronic power conditioning and control of the production and distribution of electricity are important aspects of the smart grid.

50. Smart meter A smart meter is usually an electronic device that records consumption of electric energy in intervals of an hour or less and communicates that information at least daily back to the utility for monitoring and billing.

51. Automatic generation control In an electric power system,  automatic generation control (AGC)  is a system for adjusting the power output of multiple generators at different power plants, in response to changes in the load.

52. Conclusion The government of India has decided to integrate all the state power utilities. Unified load dispatch Centre has to be build. So automation has lot more advantages as it increases efficiency and increase standardization. India is moving ahead toward automation are you??

53. ANY QUERIES ???