sci 7 q1 2 Describe the Particle Model of Matter as “All matter is made up of tiny particles with each pure substance having its own kind of particles.pptx

for grade 7 science

1. THE PARTICLE NATURE OF MATTER All matter is particulate in nature. This simply means that matter is made up of tiny bit bits material known as particle.

2. Learning Competency: D escribe the Particle Model of Matter as “All matter is made up of tiny particles with each pure substance having its own kind of particles.”

3. ACTIVITY 1: “Particle Dance ”

4. ACTIVITY 2:“ Build-a-Particle”

5. ACTIVITY 3: “Mystery Matter”

6. Matter  is made up of  particles , and this concept was first conceived by the ancient Greek philosopher  Democritus . Democritus proposed that all matter consists of indivisible, tiny particles called  atoms . His ideas laid the groundwork for our modern understanding of the composition of matter.

7. State of Matter and Their Properties Matter - anything that occupies space and has mass Mass is the fundamental property of matter.

8. State of Matter Solid Liquid and Gas Plasma

9. Molecules, compared to atom is large particle formed by the combination of two or more atoms.

10. Arrangement of molecules of the 3 states of matter

11. The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter All matter, whether it exists in solid, liquid, or gas form, is composed of tiny particles known as atoms . These atoms are in constant, random motion. As they move, they possess kinetic energy , and this energy increases as they gain more energy. The behavior of these particles is fundamental to understanding the properties and behavior of different materials.

12. Energy is transferred between particles (atoms and molecules) when they collide with each other.   These collisions are perfectly elastic, meaning that no energy is lost during the collision. The motion of particles is most pronounced in gases, less so in liquids, and least in solids. This behavior is fundamental to understanding the properties of different states of matter.

13. The Kinetic Molecular Theory  is a valuable framework for explaining why different states of matter exhibit distinct movement patterns and arrangements. It helps us understand the behavior of particles at the molecular level .

14. Additionally ,  intramolecular forces  refer to the attractive forces that hold particles together within a molecule. These forces play a crucial role in determining the physical properties of substances.

15. Intermolecular forces  refer to the attractive forces that exist  between  particles. These forces can either hold together  identical particles , such as water molecules in a drop of water, or  different types of particles , such as carbon atoms in graphite or cellulose particles in paper.

16. They play a crucial role in determining the physical properties and behavior of various substances. 😊

17. PROPERTIES OF SOLID Density  is defined as the ratio of mass to volume. It quantifies how much matter is packed into a given space. Solids generally have a  greater density  compared to liquids and gases due to their tightly packed arrangement of particles .

18. Crystalline solids  exhibit a highly organized structure. The individual components of crystalline solids are called  crystals . These solids are characterized by atoms, ions, or molecules arranged in a  regular, three-dimensional geometric pattern . This orderly arrangement contributes to their unique properties

19. 3. Metallic solids Metallic solids consist of positive metal ions surrounded by a sea of mobile electrons .

20. 4 . Amorphous solids Not all solids contain crystals. An amorphous solid is one in which the particles are not arranged in a regular , repeating pattern. Amorphous means “without shape” Ex. Glass, rubber, and plastic

21. Properties of Liquids 1. Fluidity Fluidity is the ability to flow. Gases and liquids are classified as fluids because they can flow. 2. Viscosity Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow. The particles in liquid are close enough for attractive forces to slow the movement as they flow past one another .

22. 3 . Temperature When there is an increase in temperature, there is an increase in the kinetic energy . 4. Surface tension Surface tension is the energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a given amount. It is a measure of the inward pull by particles in the interior.

23. 5.Capillary Action There are two forces at work : cohesion and adhesion. Cohesion is the force of attraction between identical molecules. Adhesion is the force of attraction between different molecules.

24. The adhesive force between the molecules and the silicon dioxide in the glass is greater than the cohesive forces between the water molecules. If the narrow tube are used, then the action is called capillary action or capillary.

25. 6. Density Liquids have densities that vary. The density of a liquid with a constant volume varies according to the weight. The greater the weight, the higher the density.

26. Properties of Gases Volume : Gases lack a definite volume. This means that a gas will occupy whatever volume is available to it. The space in which gas molecules move freely defines its volume. The measurement of gas volume is typically done using a calibrated tube called a  burette .

27. Pressure : Gas molecules are in constant motion, and they frequently collide with the walls of their container. The collective movement of these gas molecules exerts a force over a specific area, which we refer to as  pressure .

28. 3. Temperature Temperature  is a crucial property of gases. It represents the  average kinetic energy  of particles within a substance. When the temperature increases, a gas tends to  expand , resulting in an increase in its volume

29. PLASMA- The 4 th State of matter Plasma-It is a hot ionized gas that allows both positive charged ion and a negative charged electron to coexist . Plasma is strongly influenced by electric and magnetic fields. 98% of matter in the universe is in plasma state. occurs in lightning volts, auroras, and fluorescent light.

30. Arrangement of molecules from solid to plasma

31. OTHER STATES OF MATTER BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE (BEC) represents the 5 th state of matter beyond solid. BEC was predicted by Albert Einstein and Satyendra Nath Bose, and the concept of BEC in gas was realized by Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman in 1995 Scientist refrigerated particles called bosons in a very low temperature.

32. Cold boson merge to form a single super particle that is more like a wave than an ordinary speck of matter. BEC are fragile , and light travels very slowly through them. BECs behave in a more orderly manner than solids. Atoms in solids are locked into roughly the same location with regards to other atoms.

33. SIXTH STATE OF Matter A new form of matter called fermionic condensate was discovered by NASA- supported researcher physicists, Deborah Jin – lead scientist who produced the first fermionic condensate in Dec. 2003. -by cooling a cloud of 500,00 potassium- 40 atoms to less than millionth of a degree above absolute zero. Fermionic condensate and BECs are related.

34. What does the Particle Model of Matter suggest? A) Matter is continuous and indivisible. B)  Matter is made up of tiny, discrete particles. C) Matter is always in a liquid state. D) Matter can disappear and reappear in different forms.

35. 2. According to the Particle Model, what is true about particles in a pure substance? A) They are all of different sizes. B) They are randomly distributed without any order. C)  They are identical and have a specific kind of particle for each substance. D) They can transform into particles of another substance.

36. 3. How do particles behave in a solid according to the Particle Model? A) They move freely and quickly. B)  They vibrate in fixed positions. C) They are spaced far apart. D) They do not interact with each other.