Science 10_Lesson 1 Backgrounds on Plate tectonics

Lesson topic Plate Tectonics

1. EARTHS SPHERES The Lithosphere - contains all of the cold, hard solid land of the planet's crust (surface), the semi-solid land underneath the crust, and the liquid land near the center of the planet

2. EARTHS SPHERES The Hydrosphere -- contains all the solid, liquid, and gaseous water of the planet.

3. EARTHS SPHERES The Biosphere --contains all the planet's living things. This sphere includes all of the microorganisms, plants, and animals of Earth.

4. EARTHS SPHERES The Atmosphere --contains all the air in Earth's system.

5. CRUST The crust is the layer that you live on, and it is the most widely studied and understood.

6. Mantle The mantle lies below the crust. It consists of hot, dense, iron and magnesium-rich solid rock.

7. Outer Core The outer core of the Earth is similar to a very hot ball of metals, It is so hot that the metals inside are all liquid.

8. Inner Core It is the centre and the hottest layer of the Earth. The inner core is solid and made up of iron and nickel

9. Theory of Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics Plate Boundaries Causes of Plate Tectonics

10. Plate Tectonics

11. What is Plate Tectonics The Earth’s crust and upper mantle are broken into sections called plates Plates move around on top of the mantle like rafts

12. What is the Lithosphere ? The crust and part of the upper mantle = lithosphere 100 km thick Less dense than the material below it so it “floats”

13. What is the Asthenosphere ? The plastic layer below the lithosphere = asthenosphere The plates of the lithosphere float on the asthenosphere

14. 2 Types of Plates Ocean plates - plates below the oceans Continental plates - plates below the continents

15. Questions... What is the theory of plate tectonics? What is the lithosphere? What is the asthenosphere? What is the connection between the two? What are the two types of plates?

16. Plate Boundaries

17. Convergent Boundaries Boundaries between two plates that are colliding   There are 3 types…

18. Type 1 Ocean plate colliding with a less dense continental plate Subduction Zone : where the less dense plate slides under the more dense plate VOLCANOES occur at subduction zones

19. PLATE A PLATE B

20. GUIDE QUESTIONS: What type of plate is Plate A? What about Plate B? Why do you say so?

21. GUIDE QUESTIONS: 2.Describe what happens to Plate A as it collides with Plate B? Why?

22. GUIDE QUESTIONS: 3. What do you think may happen to the leading edge of plate A as it continues to move downward? Why?

23. GUIDE QUESTIONS: 4. What do you call this molten material? 5. What is formed on top of Plate B?

24. GUIDE QUESTIONS: 6. As the plates continue to grind against each other, what other geologic event could take place?

25. CONTINENTAL & OCEANIC PLATES

26. Type 2 Ocean plate colliding with another ocean plate The less dense plate slides over the more dense plate creating a subduction zone called a TRENCH

27. ACTIVITY 2.B CONVERGENCE OF TWO OCEANIC PLATES

28. Aleutian Islands, Alaska

29. GUIDE QUESTIONS:ACTIVITY 2.B 1. What are the geologic processes/events that will occur out of this plate movement?

30. GUIDE QUESTIONS:ACTIVITY 2.B 2. What geologic features might form at the surface of Plate A?

31. GUIDE QUESTIONS:ACTIVITY 2.B 3.If the edges of Plate A suddenly flicks upward, a large amount of water may be displaced. What could be formed at the surface of the sea?

32. Video

33. Type 3 A continental plate colliding with another continental plate Have Collision Zones: a place where folded and thrust faulted mountains form.

34. ACTIVITY 2.C : CONTINENTANL PLATES CONVERGING

35. GUIDE QUESTIONS:ACTIVITY 2.C 1. What happened to the strips of clay as they were pushed from opposite ends?

36. GUIDE QUESTIONS:ACTIVITY 2.C 2. If the strips of clay represent the Earth’s Lithosphere, what do you think is formed in the lithosphere?

37. GUIDE QUESTIONS:ACTIVITY 2.C 3. What other geologic event could take place with this type of plate movement aside from your answer in Q2?

38. GUIDE QUESTIONS:ACTIVITY 2.C 4.In terms of consequences on the Earths Lithosphere, how will you differentiate this type of convergent plate boundary with the other two?

39. Andes Mountains, South America

40. FORMATION OF HIMALAYAS

41. FORMATION OF FOLD MOUNTAINS

42. Divergent Boundaries Boundary between two plates that are moving apart or rifting   RIFTING causes SEAFLOOR SPREADING

43. Features of Divergent Boundaries Mid-ocean ridges rift valleys fissure volcanoes

44. GUIDE QUESTIONS:ACTIVITY 3 1. What are common on the pictures?

45. GUIDE QUESTIONS:ACTIVITY 3 2. What do you think is happening to the Earth’s crust in those pictures?

46. GUIDE QUESTIONS:ACTIVITY 3 3. If the event continues for million of years, what do you think will be the effect on the crust?

47. GUIDE QUESTIONS:ACTIVITY 3 4. Complete the part of the video below to illustrate your answer in Q3. VIDEO

48. Transform Fault Boundaries Boundary between two plates that are sliding past each other EARTHQUAKES along faults

49. San Andreas Fault, CA

50. Questions... What are the three types of boundaries? What direction do plates go for each? Which boundary has a subduction zone…what occurs at a subduction zone?

51. Causes of Plate Tectonics

52. Convection Currents Hot magma in the Earth moves toward the surface, cools, then sinks again. Creates convection currents beneath the plates that cause the plates to move .

53. EARTH’S INTERIOR & PLATE TECTONICS

54. Questions... What causes plates to move? How is a convection current formed?