Science-of-ecosystems. Understanding ecosystem pptx

The science of ecosystems, known as ecology, studies the interactions between living organisms and their environment. This field examines how organisms, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, interact with each other and with non-living elements like water, air, and soil. Ecologists explore energy flow, nutrient cycling, and the balance of ecosystems, aiming to understand how these systems sustain life, respond to changes, and maintain biodiversity. Understanding ecosystems is crucial for conservation, managing natural resources, and addressing environmental challenges like climate change.

1. Science of ecosystem

2. ecosystem a geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work together to form a bubble of life. Ecosystems contain biotic or living, parts, as well as abiotic factors, or nonliving parts. Biotic factors include plants, animals, and other organisms. Abiotic factors include rocks, temperature, and humidity.

3. Energy flow in ecosystem

4. Food chain Pathway of energy transfer Primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers and so on until decomposers Steps in a food chain is called trophic level

5. Food web The complexity of interactions by indicating all the species that participate in the energy transfer at each trophic level

6. Trophic levels

7. Energy level

8. Biogeochemical cycles Carbon-oxygen cycle Nitrogen cycle Phosphorus cycle Sulfur cycle Water cycle Nutrient cycle

9. Carbon-oxygen cycle

10. Nitrogen cycle

11. Phosphorus cycle

12. Sulfur cycle

13. Water cycle

14. Nutrient cycle

15. Patterns of terrestrial vegetation Latitude- nature of solar input changes from the equator to the poles Climate-limited by temperature and moisture effects Altitude-decreasing air pressure at higher altitude causing to decrease temperature

16. Biome and flora Biome- major terrestrial unit of vegetation Flora- set of plant species living in the biome

17. biomes

18. tundra Treeless plain Northern (Alpine tundra) and south hemisphere (Arctic tundra) Vegetation comprises of plants in low ground like shrubs and grasses Climate is severe. Winter temperatures may drop until -30C during the six months of darkness

19. Taiga/ boreal forest Land of little sticks Lies at the south of arctic tundra Coniferous trees are dominant flora Extreme temperatures for summer +30C and winter -50C

20. desert Vegetation consist of small, shrubby plants like cacti or completely barren Found in chile , Africa, middle east and north america Climate is unpredictability of rainfall

21. chaparral Shrub-dominated community Characterized by winter rainfall and summer drought Found in areas with insufficient precipitation (southern Europe, northern Africa, California, southern California)

22. grassland Found in north America, south America, asia and Africa It can also be classified as prairie or savanna

23. Deciduous forest Composed of trees that drop their leaves seasonally Temperatures are mild all year but precipitation is seasonal Found in north America, southern Canada and northern united states

24. Tropical forest Forest that grow near the equator Temperatures are high and relatively constant over the course of the year Characterized by more extensive growth of trees

25. Freshwater and marine ecosystems Wetlands Marshes Swamps Open ocean Hydrothermal vents Rocky intertidal zones Salt marshes Estuaries Mangrove Coral reefs

26. summary Ecosystem is where interaction of biotic and abiotic factors took place Energy to drive ecosystem derived from the sun The pathway of energy flow is called food chain. Interloping food chains are called food webs Movement of materials in ecosystems are cyclic The regional climate determines the nature of the precipitation and temperature The major terrestrial units of vegetation is called biome Aquatic systems are divided into two fundamental groups: freshwater and marine

27. references Stanley, M. (2022). Ecosystems. National geographic. nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/ecosystem/print /#:~:text=Powered%20by-,An%20ecosystem%20is%20a%20geographic%20area%20where%20plants%2C%20animals%2C%20and,%2C%20animals%2C%20and%20other%20organisms . Krohne , D. (2012) general ecology. 2 nd edition. Cengage learning asia pte ltd.