Science technology and society sts reviewer

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1. THE INFORMATION AGE GEC108 – Science Technology and Society Image Source: https://www.alamy.com/concept-of-a-human-brain-a-artificial-intelligence-processing-neurological-data-cloud-3d-render-image243496901.html

2. not for circulation At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: Define Information Age Clarify the development of Information Age and its impact in our lives Illustrate on how the information age has molded our society 6.1 OBJECTIVES not for circulation GEC108 not for circulation

3. not for circulation 2 . 2 GEC108 THE INFORMATION AGE It is the use of digitalized gadgets. In the Information Age the idea of communication was to make information accessible. 6.2

4. not for circulation 2 . 2 GEC108 THE INFORMATION AGE Began in the mid-20 th century or around the 1970s and is still going on today. It is also known as the Computer Age , Digital Age , or New Media Age . This era brought about a time period in which people could access information and knowledge easily. 6.3

5. not for circulation 2 . 2 GEC108 WHO INTRODUCED INFORMATION AGE? Claude Elwood Shannon (Father of the Information Age) An American mathematician and computer scientist who conceived and laid the foundations for information theory. 6.4 https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/claude-shannon-the-father-of-the-information-age-turns-1100100

6. not for circulation 2 . 2 GEC108 JOHANNES GUTENBERG (Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg) 1393-1406 – February 3, 1468 An “official birthday” of June 24, 1400, was chosen at the time of the 500 th anniversary Gutenberg Festival held in Mainz in 1900, but the date is purely symbolic. He is German inventor craftsman 6.5 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg

7. not for circulation 2 . 2 GEC108 JOHANNES GUTENBERG (Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg) He was responsible for shaping the nature of the society by establishing the first form of spreading information. Known for inventing the printing press (1440 AD) Gutenberg bible a.k.a the 42-line bible (1445) Described as the “man of the millennium” 6.6 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg

8. THE PRE-GUTENBERG ERA: MANUSCRIPTS AND THE HANDWRITTEN WORD “Exploring the World before the Printing Press” not for circulation GEC108 – Science Technology and Society Image Source: https://www.alamy.com/concept-of-a-human-brain-a-artificial-intelligence-processing-neurological-data-cloud-3d-render-image243496901.html 6.7

9. GEC108 Johannes Gutenberg (c. 1400 – February 3, 1468) German inventor, printer, and publisher. Best known for introducing the technology of printing with movable type to Europe. His most famous achievement was the invention of the mechanical movable-type printing press, which played a pivotal role in the history of printing and publishing. not for circulation 6.8 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg

10. THE PRE-GUTENBERG ERA: not for circulation GEC108 – Science Technology and Society Image Source: https://www.alamy.com/concept-of-a-human-brain-a-artificial-intelligence-processing-neurological-data-cloud-3d-render-image243496901.html 6.9

11. not for circulation 2 . 2 GEC108 HISTORICAL CONTEXT The Pre-Gutenberg era spans from antiquity to the late Middle Ages. Books and written knowledge were scarce and expensive. Lack of printing press limited the production of books. Information dissemination relied on handwritten manuscripts. Access to knowledge was restricted to the privileged few. 6.10

12. MANUSCRIPT PRODUCTION not for circulation GEC108 – Science Technology and Society Image Source: https://www.alamy.com/concept-of-a-human-brain-a-artificial-intelligence-processing-neurological-data-cloud-3d-render-image243496901.html 6.11

13. GEC108 INFORMATION DISSEMNATION Limited availability of handwritten manuscripts. Manuscripts were expensive and time-consuming to produce. Access to knowledge was restricted to the elite and religious institutions. Monasteries and universities played a crucial role in preserving and sharing knowledge. Oral traditions and storytelling were common methods of passing down information. Information dissemination was slow and limited in scope. not for circulation 6.12

14. GEC108 Cultural Impact Limited literacy rates among the general population. Knowledge primarily controlled by religious institutions and the elite. Oral traditions and storytelling were essential for passing down cultural knowledge. Manuscripts played a crucial role in preserving cultural heritage. A select few had access to education and written knowledge. The pace of cultural change was slower compared to the post-Gutenberg era." not for circulation 6.13

15. THE POST-GUTENBERG ERA: THE IMPACT OF THE PRINTING PRESS not for circulation GEC108 – Science Technology and Society Image Source: https://www.alamy.com/concept-of-a-human-brain-a-artificial-intelligence-processing-neurological-data-cloud-3d-render-image243496901.html 6.14

16. not for circulation 2 . 2 GEC108 THE PRINTING PROCESS Gutenberg's invention of movable type printing press in the 15th century. The use of movable type allowed for the efficient printing of text. A significant departure from the manual copying of manuscripts. Enabled the mass production of books and documents. Significantly reduced the time and cost of producing written material. Revolutionized the dissemination of knowledge and information. 6.15

17. GEC108 IMPACT ON KNOWLEDGE Gutenberg's press made books more affordable and widely accessible. The democratization of knowledge, as books became available to a broader audience. Increased literacy rates as more people had access to reading materials. Expansion of libraries and the proliferation of booksellers. Greater dissemination of scientific, philosophical, and literary works. A transformation in how societies acquired and shared information. not for circulation 6.16

18. GEC108 The printing press contributed to the Renaissance, a period of cultural and intellectual revival. A renewed interest in classical knowledge, art, and science. The spread of humanism and the emphasis on individualism. Advancements in science and exploration, including the work of Copernicus and Galileo. The proliferation of literature and the emergence of great literary works. A shift toward critical thinking and questioning of traditional beliefs. CULTURAL AND SOCIAL CHANGES not for circulation 6.17

19. GEC108 INFORMATION EXPLOSION Mass production of books . The printing press allowed for the mass production of books, making them affordable and accessible to a broader audience. Spread of Knowledge . This innovation facilitated the rapid dissemination of knowledge, leading to an intellectual awakening in Europe, including the Renaissance and Reformation. Foundation of Modern Publishing . Gutenberg’s press laid the foundation for modern publishing, creating a precedent for how information would be disseminated in the future. not for circulation 6.18

20. THE GUTENBERG REVOLUTION not for circulation GEC108 – Science Technology and Society Image Source: https://www.alamy.com/concept-of-a-human-brain-a-artificial-intelligence-processing-neurological-data-cloud-3d-render-image243496901.html 6.19

21. not for circulation 2 . 2 GEC108 THE GUTENBERG REVOLUTION Is a term used to expressed the democratizing effects of the invention of the printing press among society. Democracy was born through the invention of printing press and the effects it had on society. It allowed people to have voice who weren’t able to spread their messages before. 6.20

22. not for circulation 2 . 2 GEC108 THE GUTENBERG REVOLUTION Gutenberg’s moving type propelled Europe towards the scientific revolution. Fundamental changes in information technologies have profound implications for labor markets, for the production an spread of knowledge, and for the evolution of politics and beliefs. 6.21

23. THE RISE OF DIGITAL AGE not for circulation GEC108 – Science Technology and Society Image Source: https://www.alamy.com/concept-of-a-human-brain-a-artificial-intelligence-processing-neurological-data-cloud-3d-render-image243496901.html 6.22

24. not for circulation 2 . 2 GEC108 THE RISE OF DIGITAL AGE Often known as “ Information Age ” Refers to historical era and information technology-based economy originating in the 20 th century. It is marked by a rapid transition from the industrialized economy brought about by the industrial revolution to a knowledge-based economy. 6.23

25. not for circulation 2 . 2 GEC108 THE RISE OF DIGITAL AGE Intersects with the internet age, which describes the time since the public first ha access to internet, as well as the fundamental changes it brought about in terms of information availability and worldwide communication. 6.24

26. not for circulation 2 . 2 GEC108 THE RISE OF DIGITAL AGE The Digital Age started in the mid-20 th century. This was the beginning of the discipline of information science. Claude Shannon became known as the “ Father of the Digital Age ”. He is the man responsible for technology that evolved into today’s computers and other digital technology. 6.25

27. NANOTECHNOLOGY not for circulation GEC108 – Science Technology and Society Image Source: https://www.alamy.com/concept-of-a-human-brain-a-artificial-intelligence-processing-neurological-data-cloud-3d-render-image243496901.html WEEK 7

28. not for circulation At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: Understand the definition of Nanotechnology Be enlightened in terms of the impacts and effects of nanotechnology on the society Illustrate on how nanotechnology has changed our way of living 7.1 OBJECTIVES not for circulation GEC108 not for circulation

29. not for circulation 2 . 2 GEC108 7.2 NANOTECHNOLOGY The branch of science and engineering devoted to designing, producing, and using structures, devices, and systems by manipulating atoms and molecules at nanoscale/nanometer. It is the ability to observe measure, manipulate, assemble, control, and manufacture matter at the nanometer scale.

30. not for circulation 2 . 2 GEC108 NANOTECHNOLOGY The prefix “nano” is referred to a Greek prefix meaning “dwarf” or something very small and depicts one thousand millionth of a meter. 7.3

31. PIONEERS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY not for circulation GEC108 – Science Technology and Society Image Source: https://www.alamy.com/concept-of-a-human-brain-a-artificial-intelligence-processing-neurological-data-cloud-3d-render-image243496901.html 7.4

32. not for circulation 2 . 2 GEC108 RICHARD FEYNMAN An American physicist and Nobel Prize Laureate introduced the concept of nanotechnology in 1959. 7.5 https://nationalmaglab.org/magnet-academy/history-of-electricity-magnetism/pioneers/richard-feynman/

33. GEC108 RICHARD FEYNMAN During the annual meeting of the American Physical Society, he presented a lecture entitled, “There’s a plenty of room at the bottom” at the California Institute of Technology (CALTECH). In this lecture, he made the hypothesis “why can’t we write the entire 24 volumes of the encyclopedia Britannica on the head of a pin?”, and described a vision of using machines to construct smaller machines and down to the molecular level. not for circulation 7.6

34. not for circulation 2 . 2 GEC108 NORIO TANIGUCHI After 15 years, a Japanese scientist was the first to use and define the term “nanotechnology” in 1974 as: NANOTECHNOLOGY mainly consists of the processing of separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by one atom or one molecule. 7.7 https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photo/1899846/image/3e0ce664a1e6ebb84dba3184aeaffd8e?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAJB6ZCNNAN7BE7WDQ%2F20231108%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20231108T233302Z&X-Amz-Expires=604800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=e748e3d5db57f1c15504ba6c2e669afc79b563f2e7425f945119eef927bac88e

35. GEC108 EXAMPLES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY Electronics, cosmetics, sporting goods, clothing, etc. not for circulation 7.8

36. GEC108 – Science Technology and Society not for circulation Image Source: https://www.alamy.com/concept-of-a-human-brain-a-artificial-intelligence-processing-neurological-data-cloud-3d-render-image243496901.html Genetically Modified Organisms: Science, Health, Politics

37. not for circulation At the end of the week, the students should be able to: 1. Define Genetically Modified Organism and its types; 2. Determine the implications and future impacts of GMOs; and 3. Be aware of the ethical issues associated with the GMOs Learning Objectives not for circulation GEC108 not for circulation

38. WEEK GEC108 9 not for circulation What is Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)?

39. DEFINITION GEC108 9.1 not for circulation Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) It refers to an organism whose material has been altered like it does not occur naturally through mating or natural recombination. 📍

40. OBJECTIVE GEC108 9.2 not for circulation Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) The objective of genetic modification is to introduce desirable traits/features into the organisms so that their benefit can be used for various purposes. 📍

41. TYPES GEC108 9.3 not for circulation 2 Types of GMO Genetic Engineering Genome Editing

42. TYPES GEC108 9.3 not for circulation 1. Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering builds upon selective breeding to reinforce desirable phenotypical characteristics. But instead of breeding organisms and hoping for the desired outcome, genetic engineering takes genetic modification to another level by directly introducing a piece of DNA into the genome.

43. TYPES GEC108 9.3 not for circulation 2. Genome Editing Gene editing refers to a set of technologies that allow scientists to modify an organism's DNA by inserting, removing, or changing base sequences at specific sites in the genome.

44. IMPLI- CATION GEC108 9.4 not for circulation Implications and Future Impacts of GMOs

45. IMPLI- CATION GEC108 9.4 not for circulation Agriculture Implications: Increased crop yield Reduced pesticide use Nutritional enhancement Drought and disease resistance Economic benefit Future Impacts: Global food security Environmental Sustainability Nutritional fortification

46. IMPLI- CATION GEC108 9.4 not for circulation Medicine Implications: Customized therapies Treatment of genetic disease Vaccines and immunotherapy Biopharmaceutical production Future Impacts: Personalized medicine Cure for genetic disease Advance vaccines Reduced side effect

47. IMPLI- CATION GEC108 9.4 not for circulation Industry Implications: Enzyme production Bioremediation Biofuels Future Impacts: Improved industrial process Clean energy Sustainable production Innovative products

48. IMPLI- CATION GEC108 9.4 not for circulation Environmental Cleanup Implications: Bioremediation Soil improvement Water quality improvement Future Impacts: Pollution reduction Improved water quality Land reclamation Resource conservation

49. ETHICAL ISSUES GEC108 9.5 not for circulation Ethical Issues Associated with GMOs

50. ETHICAL ISSUES GEC108 9.5 not for circulation 1. Safety The safety of GMOs has been under much debate and concern. It is a common fear that genetic modification may result in unintended consequences, such as the creation of new allergens or toxins, the spread of modified genes to wid relatives, or the deveopment of antibiotic- resistant bacteria.

51. ETHICAL ISSUES GEC108 9.5 not for circulation 2. Health There exists concerns about potential health risks associated with it. Some studies suggested that GMOs may cause allergies or other health effects, although there’s a lack of concrete evidence to support these. Additionally, concerns that GMOs msy contribute to the development of new diseases or the spread of any existing diseases.

52. ETHICAL ISSUES GEC108 9.5 not for circulation 3. Environment The release of GMOs into the environment has the potentialto cause ecological damage. For example, a common fear is that genetically modified crops may cross-breed with any wild relatives, which results in the spread of modified genes and the creation of invasive species. Additionally, concern that GMOs negatively impact ecosystems by reducing biodiversity and disrupting food webs.

53. ETHICAL ISSUES GEC108 9.5 not for circulation 4. Patents and Access to Seeds The issue of patents and access to seeds is another ethical issues associated with GMOs. Many corporations hold patents on genetically modified seeds, which can make it difficult for farmers to access the seeds they need to grow crops. This has led to cerns about corporate control of the food supply and the impact this may have on farmers and consumers.

54. ETHICAL ISSUES GEC108 9.5 not for circulation 5. Ownership of Life The idea of manipulating the genetic makeup of living organisms raises ethical questiond about the ownership of life. Some argue that it is unethical to manipulate the genetic material of living organisms for commercial purposes, while others believe that genetic modification is a necessary tool for improving the quality of life for people around the world.

55. ETHICAL ISSUES GEC108 9.5 not for circulation 6. Public Perception Despite the fact that there are many potential benefits of GMOs, many of us wary of them due to concerns about their safety and potential impact on the environment and our own health. So, there’s an absolute need for public education and awareness about the benefits and risks of GMOs to help mitigate these concerns.

56. GEC108 – Science Technology and Society not for circulation Biodiversity and Healthy Society Image Source: https://www.alamy.com/concept-of-a-human-brain-a-artificial-intelligence-processing-neurological-data-cloud-3d-render-image243496901.html

57. not for circulation At the end of the week, the students should be able to: 1. Define biodiversity and its levels; 2. Determine the interrelatedness of society, environment, and health; and 3. Appreciate the great biodiversity in the Philippines Learning Objectives not for circulation GEC108 not for circulation

58. 8 WEEK not for circulation GEC108 not for circulation What is Biodiversity?🔍 Image Source: https://www.earth.com/news/endangered-species-day-millions-of-species-share-the-earth-with-humans-and-they-need-our-help

59. DEFI NITION 8. 1 not for circulation GEC108 What is Biodiversity?🔍 ⚫ “Bio” means life ⚫ “Diverse” means variety not for circulation

60. DEFI NITION 8. 1 not for circulation GEC108 Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms present in a particular ecosystem, region, or on Earth as a whole. It is the source of the essential goods and ecological services that constitute the source of life for all and has directvconsumptive value in food, agriculture, medicine, and industry (Villago Globale, 2009). Image Source: https://m.facebook.com/p/Facts-About-Biodiversity-100078830386699/?wtsid=rdr_0HqnblIK6d3xRWxto

61. LEVELS 8. 2 GEC108 GENETIC BIODIVERSITY Diversity of genes within a specie SPECIES BIODIVERSITY Diversity among species in an ecosystem ECOSYSTEM BIODIVERSITY Diversity of a habitat in a given unit area not for circulation https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/medical-dna-structure-background-with-text-space_9191748.htm&tbnid=UvH5JImsESszUM&docid=5_0kNHStvHwLGM

62. IMPOR- TANCE 8. 3 GEC108 not for circulation Biodiversity affects humans on various aspects: economy, health and culture aesthetic and environmental issues. The fundamental importance of biodiversity is that it is our source of foods, clothing, shelter and medicines. Biodiversity is also a source of raw materials for industry activities. Humans enjoy different products and goods, clean air and water, soil and water resources due to biodiversity. Importance of Biodiversity

63. THREATS 8. 4 not for circulation GEC108 not for circulation What are the threats to biodiversity?🔍

64. THREATS 8. 4 not for circulation GEC108 Increase in the temperature of the atmosphere has major effects on the environment such the rising of sea levels, seasons, glacial retreats, etc. Climate Change not for circulation

65. THREATS 8. 4 not for circulation GEC108 Air pollution, land pollution, water pollution, all forms of pollution are threats to all life forms on Earth. Pollution not for circulation

66. THREATS 8. 4 not for circulation GEC108 As human population grow, we use more land for building homes and infrastructures. Also, in agriculture where it needs to cut down trees for cultivating another plants, it destroys the habitats of other species. Habitat Loss not for circulation

67. THREATS 8. 4 not for circulation GEC108 Over-harvesting resources or species at a faster rate than the rate of sustaining themselves would quickly lead to the decline of those species. Over-exploitation not for circulation

68. THREATS 8. 4 GEC108 An unnatural specie introduced to a foreign habitat can cause imbalance to the ecosystem within that specific area, the reason why it became a threat to biodiversity. Invasive Species not for circulation

69. CONSE- QUENCES 8. 4 GEC108 Consequences of biodiversity Loss Extinction of species Fewer wild foods Reduced nutritional security Poorer pollination Less productive and resilient agricultural systems 📍 not for circulation

70. 8. 5 GEC108 STATUS BIODIVERSITY IN THE PHILIPPINES https://ap.fftc.org.tw/article/1836 not for circulation

71. 8. 5 GEC108 STATUS The Philippines being a tropical and archipelagic country has very rich and diverse flora and fauna (National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, 2002). The Philippines accounts for almost two-thirds of the earth's biodiversity and approximately 53,000 plant and animal species can be found in the archipelago, half of which are endemic. In addition, the country hosts 228 Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs). However, only 91 of them are part of its network of protected areas.  not for circulation https://ap.fftc.org.tw/article/1836

72. 8. 5 GEC108 STATUS The country's agricultural ecosystem is equally impressive, serving as a center of diversity for crops such as rice, coconut, mung bean, taro, and yam, and the center of origin and diversity for bananas in Southeast Asia.  According to Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) the country total forest size dwindled to 6.7 million hectares in 1990 from 30 million hectares in 1930. Mangrove forest 149 000 hectares remain from original 450 000 hectares in 1918. not for circulation https://ap.fftc.org.tw/article/1836

73. 8. 5 GEC108 STATUS The DENR has identified 700 threatened plant and animal species, while a staggering 984 plant species were further classified as “critically endangered, endangered, and threatened” in 2013.  not for circulation Unfortunately, the Philippines has lost 93% of its original forest cover since the 1900s, while an estimated 47,000 hectares of forest cover are lost annually due to logging, slash-and-burn cultivation, rural population expansion, and land conversion. https://ap.fftc.org.tw/article/1836

74. 8. 6 GEC108 PREVEN- TION How can Biodiversity Loss be Prevented? not for circulation https://www.factsasia.org/blog/pearl-of-the-orient-sea-descending-from-glory-the-declining-philippine-biodiversity

75. 8. 6 GEC108 1. Through appropriate research. Researches focusing on the biodiversity of various organisms are still few. Many species have yet to be discovered. Their needs and characteristics specially their perpetuation deserve attention. 📍 How can Biodiversity Loss be Prevented? PREVEN- TION not for circulation

76. 8. 6 GEC108 2. Education and Awareness. Education and awareness activities have started and are being done continuously. This, however, should be emphasized toeveryone while they are still young or in their pre-school age. More often than not, only the adults are the focus of these activities. 📍 How can Biodiversity Loss be Prevented? PREVEN- TION not for circulation

77. 8. 6 GEC108 STATUS 3. Community- based Programs. Community based programs are also initiated to help conserve biodiversity. People involved themselves in the conservationprojects like in the rehabilitation of the Apo Island in Dumaguete City. 📍 How can Biodiversity Loss be Prevented? not for circulation

78. 8. 6 GEC108 4. Government legislation. There are laws and orders to save biodiversity in the Philippines. These laws never forget preserving the wellness and the betterment of the Philippine nature. 📍 How can Biodiversity Loss be Prevented? PREVEN- TION not for circulation

79. 8. 7 GEC108 INTER- RELATION Interrelatedness of Society, Environment, and Health Health of individuals and communities is directly impacted by the environmental conditions in which they live. This include factors such as access to clean water, air, and foods. So, if biodiversity will be lost or destroyed it will cause widespread of diseases which will be a threat to human health. On the other hand, societies have the capability to create and follow rules and policies to protect and conserve the nature. If nature is being conserved, humans will benefit to it, most especially in terms of health, in a way that humans can acquire clean sources of living. Also, richness in biodiversity will promote economic development. 📍 not for circulation

80. GEC108 – Science Technology and Society not for circulation Climate Change and Energy Crisis Environmental Awareness Image Source: https://www.alamy.com/concept-of-a-human-brain-a-artificial-intelligence-processing-neurological-data-cloud-3d-render-image243496901.html

81. not for circulation At the end of the week, the students should be able to: 1. Identify the cause of climate change and energy crisis; 2. Assess the various impacts of climate change including economic, geopolitical, biological, meteorological, etc.; and 3. Apply STS concept to the issue of climate change Learning Objectives not for circulation GEC108 not for circulation

82. WEEK 8 GEC108 BIODIVERSITY IN THE PHILIPPINES 10 What is Climate Change? Image Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-24021772.amp not for circulation

83. DEFINITION GEC108 BIODIVERSITY IN THE PHILIPPINES 10.1 What is Climate Change? ⚫ It refers to the long- term shifts of temperature and weather patterns in a given region. These shifts result from various natural processes, but this term is used associated with human-induced climate change. ⚫ Also used interchangeably with the term global warming. not for circulation

84. DEFINITION GEC108 10.2 It refers to the rise of the average temperature of the Earth which persists over a decade or longer. The main cause of climate change or global warming is the high concentration of greenhouse gases which leads to the what we call greenhouse effect. Global warming Image Source:https://environment.uw.edu/news/2014/11/global-warming-not-just-a-blanket-in-the-long-run-its-more-like-tanning-oil/ not for circulation

85. DEFINITION GEC108 10.3 Greenhouse Gases ⚫These are the gases in the atmosphere that traps heat. ⚫They naturally occur in the world but just enhanced by human activities. ⚫If there’s high concentration these gases in the atmosphere, it leads to increased temperature of the Earth, which will be the reason of having climate change. not for circulation

86. TYPES GEC108 10.4 Types of Greenhouse Gases 1. Carbon Dioxide Released through natural processes (respiration and volcanic eruption); and human activities like deforestation, land use changes, and burning of fossil fuels. Image Source: https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/industrial-carbon-dioxide-photocatalysis/ not for circulation

87. TYPES GEC108 10.4 Types of Greenhouse Gases 2. Methane A hydrocarbon gas which is produced through decomposition of waste in landfills, agriculture like rice cultivation, ruminant digestion, and manure management. Image Source: https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/how-climate-works/methane not for circulation

88. TYPES GEC108 10.4 Types of Greenhouse Gases 3. Nitrous Oxide A powerful greenhouse gas produced through soil cultivation practices like use of commercial and organic fertilizers, fossil fuels combustion, nitric acid production, or biomass burning. Image Source: https://pixabay.com/illustrations/chlorofluorocarbon-dichloro-835795 not for circulation

89. TYPES GEC108 10.4 Types of Greenhouse Gases 4. Chlorofluorocarbons A powerful greenhouse gas produced through soil cultivation practices like use of commercial and organic fertilizers, fossil fuels combustion, nitric acid production, or biomass burning. Image Source: https://pixabay.com/illustrations/chlorofluorocarbon-dichloro-835795/ https://www.airtro.com/commercial-hvac-2/hvac-repair-chloroflurocarbons-r22 not for circulation

90. CAUSES GEC108 BIODIVERSITY IN THE PHILIPPINES 10.5 What are the Causes of Climate Change? Image Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-24021772.amp not for circulation

91. CAUSES GEC108 10.5 Burning of Fossil Fuels Deforestation Farming Image Source: https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/183530/view/burning-fossil-fuel-composite-image Image Source: https://www.livescience.com/27692-deforestation.html https://www.openaccessgovernment.org/how-farmers-deliver-eu-green-deal-environmental-commitments/156948/ not for circulation

92. CAUSES GEC108 10.5 Burning of Garbages Generation of Power Powering Buildings and houses Image Source: https://www.waste360.com/safety/open-burning-trash-hidden-toxin-part-one Image Source: https://wwf.org.au/what-we-do/climate/causes-of-global-warming/ not for circulation Image Source: https://www.yorkshireroofing.com/blog/why-every-home-or-building-should-generate-its-own-power/

93. CAUSES GEC108 10.5 Too Much Smoke from Vehicles Food Manufacturing Gas emission from Factories Image Source: https://www.greenlivingbees.com/bad-effects-of-smoke-from-vehicles/ Image Source: https://www.digitalinformationworld.com/2022/08/the-state-of-food-manufacturing-and.html?m=1 not for circulation Image Source:https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/7221608f86ae406f802d294a51f690f3

94. IMPACTS GEC108 BIODIVERSITY IN THE PHILIPPINES 10.6 What are the Impacts of Climate Change? Image Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-24021772.amp not for circulation

95. IMPACTS GEC108 BIODIVERSITY IN THE PHILIPPINES 10.6 not for circulation NEGATIVE Increases cost of businesses Decline in agricultural productivity Damage to Coastal Infrastructure Loss of Tourism Revenue Displacement of Populations Increased Healthcare Costs Energy Price Volatility Financial Market Instability POSITIVE Agricultural Productivity Energy Demand Northern Shipping Route Tourism ECONOMY

96. IMPACTS GEC108 BIODIVERSITY IN THE PHILIPPINES 10.6 not for circulation NEGATIVE Resource Competition Displacement and Migration Energy Security Challenges International Tensions over Climate Policies Increased Vulnerability of Developing Countries Disruptions of Trade Routes POSITIVE Opportunities for Cooperation Energy Diversification and Independence Technological Advancement and Innovation Environmental Cooperation GEOPOLITICAL

97. IMPACTS GEC108 BIODIVERSITY IN THE PHILIPPINES 10.6 not for circulation NEGATIVE Loss of Biodiversity Spread of Diseases Disruption of Food Web Coral Bleaching Changes in Species Distribution Reduce Agricultural Productivity Increased Wildfires Ocean Acidification Melting of Polar Ice Caps Water Scarcity POSITIVE Longer Growing Seasons Expansion of Habitat Range Increased Plant Productivity Enhanced Nutrient Cycle Earlier Springtime Events BIOLOGICAL

98. IMPACTS GEC108 BIODIVERSITY IN THE PHILIPPINES 10.6 not for circulation NEGATIVE Intensity of Extreme Weather Events Changes in Precipitation Patterns Rising Sea Level Shifting Temperature Patterns Changes in Atmospheric Composition Impact on Ecosystem POSITIVE Improves Understanding and Prediction of Weather Patterns Longer Growing Seasons Increased Renewable Energy Generation Expansion of Ecotourism METEOROLOGICAL