SELF-ASSEMBLY A RED HERRING?
One of the more questionable
nano-
technologies involves the notion of self-
assembling machinery [“Machine-Phase
Nanotechnology,” by K. Eric Drexler].
It would be more effective at this early
stage to focus on creating a specialized
set of highly efficient single-purpose
tools. The industrial revolution provides
a good parallel: the past century demon-
strated the incredible efficiency of as-
sembly lines, yet we don’t ask factories
to produce more factories; on the con-
trary, we simply add more assembly
lines and stock them with single-pur-
pose tools that are nothing more than
mechanical idiots savants.
Of course, we have ample evidence
that biological systems can be self-as-
sembling, but even these systems are far
too complex for us to easily replicate
them at the microscale.
GEOFF HART
Pointe Claire, Quebec, Canada
UP WITH NANO
Several statements
in “Nanobot Con-
struction Crews,” by Steven Ashley, and
“Little Big Science,” by Gary Stix, indi-
cate a serious misunderstanding of Zy-
vex, its approach and its objectives. Zy-
vex is taking a systems approach to
molecular nanotechnology. It has sub-
stantial research and development ef-
forts in (1) manipulation and character-
ization of nanomaterials and nano-
structures, (2) positionally controlled
chemical reactions for the assembly of
precise nanostructures and (3) MEMS
and NEMS, to develop tools to handle
molecular-scale subcomponents.
We think that practical application
of molecular systems requires a viable
interface to the “real world,” which will
require assembly capabilities from the
millimeter to the nanometer scale.
JIM VON EHR
President and CEO, Zyvex Corporation
Richardson, Tex.
Richard E. Smalley[“Of Chemistry, Love
and Nanobots”] writes that “self-repli-
cating, mechanical nanobots are simply
not possible in our world.” But Smalley
himself, like the rest of us, is composed
largely of the self-replicating, mechanical
nanobots that implement carbon-based
life as we know it. If such nanobots were
truly impossible, then there would be
nobody here to deny their possibility.
LEE SPECTOR
School of Cognitive Science
Hampshire College
BITTER MEDICINE
FOR NANOTECH BELIEVERS
Visionaries come
in two flavors: down-
to-earth and far-out. Richard Feynman,
in his caveat-crammed lecture, belonged
firmly in the first category. Drexler is a
shameful example of the second. Biolo-
gy does not show us that “molecular
machine systems and their products can
be made cheaply and in vast quantities.”
The R&D alone took hundreds of mil-
lions of years, uncountable mutations
8SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN JANUARY 2002
“THE INSISTENCEby Gary Stix in ‘Little Big Science’ that we
discard ‘the fluff about nanorobots’ before ushering in a new
industrial revolution misses the point,” writes John Granacki
of Ashland, Ore. “The fluffy nanorobots arethe revolution,
without which we are merely refining the microrevolution, al-
ready four decades in progress. Such visionary rhetoric may
adversely affect funding, but the flaw must be recognized as
being not in the science itself but rather in the funding pro-
cess
—the more progressive a concept, the greater the resis-
tance from the status quo.”
Additional discussions of matters nano may be found
among the September 2001 letters below.
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