Scientific social science research

Presentation about Scientific research its importance and the way to accomplish it.

1. Scientific Social S cience R esearch

2. If we knew what we were doing, it would not be called research, would it ? — Albert Einstein

3. Social science research Social science research ─ refers to any scientific study of human action and interaction focusing on elements of thought and behavior that are in some sense social .

4. Scientific method and research Scientific method is a systematic step-by-step procedure following the logical process of reasoning. Scientific research is one which have a body of science and follows S cientific method.

5. Basis of scientific method Reliance on evidence. Use of concepts. Commitment to objectivity. Ethical neutrality.

6. Generalization . Verifiability . Logical reasoning process . * Induction * Deduction

7. Logical reasoning process Induction: The inductive method consists of studying several individual cases and drawing generalization. This method is followed when new facts are studied, new truths are uncovered and new generalizations are formulated from a research project.

8. Essential condition for Induction Observation must be correctly performed and recorded, data collected should be accurate. Observation must cover representative cases drawn from specific universe. Observation must cover an adequate number of cases. Conclusion must be confined to inferences drawn from the findings

9. Types of induction Enumerative Induction. The most common in social science research, involves generalization from samples. Analytic Induction. Involves case-by-case analysis of specific features or step-by-step analysis.

10. Procedure analytic induction Define the phenomenon. Formulate the hypothesis. Study a case whether hypothesis fits in the case. If does not fit, redefine the hypothesis.

11. Examine a small number of cases to attain certainty, if uncertain reformulate the hypothesis . Continue this till a universal relationship is established . For the purpose of proof examine outside the circumstances to determine hypothesis applies to them.

12. Deduction Deduction is reasoning process of applying a general accepted principle to a specific individual case falling under the general principle. Essential Conditions *The general rule or assumption must be correct. *The general rule must be applied only to cases which properly fall under it.

13. Requisites of Scientific M ethod Careful logical analysis of the problem, formulating hypothesis. Clarity in definitions and concepts. Collection of data. Expression of variables in quantitative terms.

14. Specific and clear statement of generalizations . Complete and careful reporting of the research process, definitions and methods of analysis.

15. R eference Methodology of Research in Social Sciences. Dr O R Krishnaswami Himalaya P ublishing House 2001 Social Science Research : Principles, Methods and Practices PDF . Anol Bhattacherjee , Ph.D. University of South Florida Tampa , Florida, USA [email protected] Second Edition 2012

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