Scope and application of microbiology

microbiology

1. Scope and Application of Microbiology

2. Production of Antibiotics Inhibit the growth of MICROORG Antibiotics are 2 types Bacteriostatic - Inhibit the growth of Bacteria Bacteriocidal -kills the Bacteria Name of Bacterium Name of Antibiotic Streptomyces aureofaciens Tetracycline Streptomyces venezuelae Chloramphenicol Streptomyces erythraeus Erythromycin Streptomyces fradiae Neomycin Streptomyces kanamyceteus Streptomycin Bacillus Subtilis Bacitracin Name of fungi Pencillium notatum Penicillin Pencillium chryosgenum Penicillin Pencillium griseofulvin greseofulvin

3. 2. In alcohol &Vinegar Industry Yeast is used in the fermentation of Carbohydrate to Alcohol 1glucose molecule- two ethanol and 2 carbon dioxide Production of vinegar takes place with the help of Bacterial action Carbohydrate---- fermentation----ethanol through the action of yeast Aerobic bacteria( Acetobacter aceti / Mycoderma aceti ) oxidise the alcohol in to acetic acid

4. 3. Vitamin Production Riboflavin – Clostridium butylicum Cobalamins – Pseudomonas dentrificans Vit A,C,D,E-algae Vit B1, B12, Vit C- Fungi/yeast 4. Production of acids and Enzymes Microorg Acids Penicillium glacum Gallic acid Mucor Citric acid Aspergillus niger Gluconic acids Microorg enzymes Bacillus subtilis Protease Streptomyces pyrogens streptokinase

5. 5 . Baking Industry Yeast is used in the manufacture of bread Kneaded flour is mixed with yeast and allowed them to ferment yeast converts starch in to sugar Sugar in to alcohol and carbondioxide with the help of enzyme zymase Carbondioxide is released when effervescence takes place due to bread comes spongy and get swollen and is of light weight

6. 6. Cosmetics and perfumes Some species of lichens like Evernia and Ramatina are used for making perfumery goods and soap Mucilaginous sub carrageenin from seaweed- icecream , paints, shampoo 7. Used in the production of Diary product Curd, butter,cheese and ghee- bacterial activity Lactobacillus lactis Cheese Streptococcus lactis Curd Streptococcus lactis Butter

7. 8.Agricult ure and soil fertility Nitrogen is essential for synthesis of protein, nucleic acids and other nitrogen containing compounds Nitrogen fixation is done by many org like algae, bacteria Saprophyte fungi disintegrate the decaying organic matter and thus help in the release of mineral can begin absorbed by plants 9. Used as Food Many algae Gelidium , Gracilaria produce agar- agar,jelly sub used in manufacture of ice cream Saragassum and macrocystis are used as food for marine as well as domestic animal Laminaria contain lots of Iodine- Thyroid

8. Application and Scope of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Production of Antibiotics Production of enzymes, vaccines, biosurfactants , and other Pharmaceutical Product Diagnosis of diseases and treatment- widal test Treatment of Industrial waste material Plant growth promotion Soil fixing bacteria, rhizospheric Sterile product preparation Preparation of sterile room, aseptic technique, detection of microbes by sampling and sterility testing of different sterile preparation

9. Sterilization Method of sterilization depends on type of microbes Biological indicators Moist heat sterilization/ dryheat sterilization Steroid biotransformation Imp steroid can be prepared from microbiological transformation of naturally occuring steroids with the help of enzymes secreted by selected stains of microorg Identification of microorg Micro org are isolated and identified by morphological, biochemical, cultural, microscopicaland genetical studies 10.) Testing of Pharmaceuticals microbiological assay of Antibiotics evaluation of disinfectant antimicrobial preservative efficacy testing endotoxin testing