SCOPE OF AGRICULTURE IN INDIA AND MAHARASHTRA

SCOPE OF AGRICULTURE IN INDIA
AND MAHARASHTRA

2. Title: Introductory Agriculture
Prof. ShivajiR. Suryavanshi
Asst. Professor of Agronomy,
Dr. D.Y. Patil College of Agriculture,
Talsande.

3. SCOPE OF AGRICULTURE IN INDIA
AND MAHARASHTRA

4. •Agricultureistheoldestandmost
importantoccupationoftheworld.
•Agriculturemaybedefinedasan
art,thescienceandthebusinessof
producingcropsandlivestockfor
economicpurposes.

5. HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT IN AGRICULTURE
DURING BRITISH RULE AND IN FREE INDIA1870 Joint Deptt. of Agri., Revenue and commerce established
1871 Department of Agriculture created
1878 Higher education in agriculture at Coimbatore
1880 Famine commission appointed, True approach to scientific farming started.
1890 Higher education in agriculture at Pune
1891 Dr. J.A. Voelcker report on improving Indian agriculture.
1900 Forest Research Institute

6. 1901 First Irrigation Commission
1905 Imperial (now Indian) Agril. Res. Institute at Pusa (from 1936 at New Delhi)
1912 Sugarcane Breeding Institute was established at Coimbatore (TN)
1921 Indian Central Cotton Committee
1926 Royal commission on Agriculture headed by Lord Linlithgrow
1929 ICAR started at New Delhi for co-ordinating Agril. Research work in India.
1936 Indian Central Jute Committee
1942 Department of food created
1942 Grow more food campaign
1944 Indian Central Sugarcane Committee
1946 Directorate of Plant protection & Quarantine
1946 Central Rice Research Institute

7. 1947 Fertilizers and Chemicals, Travancore
1956 Project for Intensification of Regional Research on Cotton,
Oilseeds and millets (PIRRCOM)
1957 All India coordinate Maize Improvement Project
1958 First P.G. School at IARI, New Delhi
1960 Intensive Agriculture District Programme (IADP)
1960 First Agricultural University at Pantanagar
1963 National Seed Corporation (NSC), Agril. College, Kolhapur
1964 SAU in different states
1965 Intensive Agriculture Area Programme (IAAP)
1965 National Demonstration Programme

8. 1966 High Yielding Varieties Programme
1966 Directorate of Extension / Multiple Cropping Scheme
1969 Second Irrigation Commission
1970 Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP), MPKV started
1970 National Commission on Agriculture (report submitted in 1976)
1971 All India coordinated project for Dryland Agriculture
1972 International Crop Research Institute for Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
1973 Minikit Trials Programme
1974 Command Area Development
1976 Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP)
1977 Training and visit system (T&V)

9. 1979 National Agriculture Research Project (NARP)
1982 National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
1985 National Agricultural Extension Project (NAEP)
1986 National Agricultural Research Project (Phase II)
1998 National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP)
1999 National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (New name CIS)

10. SCOPE OF
AGRICULTURE IN
INDIA AND
MAHARASHTRA

11. •Indiabasicallyanagriculturalcountry,
likelytocontinuetobesoforalongtime
tocomeunlesssomemiraclehappensat
somestage.Inspiteofthisthecountry
hasbeenunabletobeassuredofneeded
suppliesoffoodgrainsandother
agriculturalproducts.Thereforethe
scopeofagricultureisveryvastinIndia
andalsoinMaharashtra,asitisthemost
importantenterpriseinIndiaeconomy
(agriculturesectorcontribute30%GDP).

12. •India-onlycountryintheworldhavingalltype
ofsoils&climaticconditionssuitablefor
growingvarietyofcrops.
•Properattentionneededtoexploitallthe
agriculturalresourcesandtechnology
developedinthefieldofagriculture,Indiawill
beatthetopintheworld.
•India-exporteroffruits,tea,coffee,basmati
riceandmanyotheragriculturalcommodities,
whichhelpforgettingforeignexchange.
•Foreignexchange-Rs.60billionisearned
•25%ofcountriestotalexchangeearnings.

13. •InAsiancountriesfiguresof2002
indicatedthatIndiahaslargestarea
underrice,howeverproductionwas
highestinChinaduetoless
productivity(2915kg/ha)ofIndian
ricethanChina(6266kg/ha).

14. •Indiahasthepotentialtobecomethe
numberonericeproducerintheworld.It
isexpectedtoplayacrucialroleinrice
productionandtechnology&focushas
tobeontappingtheproductionpotential
intheNorthEasternregion.Newhigh
yieldingvarietiesandareaunderhybrid
riceshouldbeextendedbeyondthe
frontiersofSouthIndia.

15. •InMaharashtra,scope
forincreasingrice
productivityof1751
kg/hatoaround3000
kg/haasobservedin
potentialareasofA.P.,
PunjabandTamilnadu.
•Tapthepotentialof
ethanolproductionfrom
sorghumgrainsand
jaggeryproductionfrom
juiceofsweetsorghum.

16. •Amongthepulses90%of
world’spigeonpeaproduced
inIndiaaswellasacreage
(1.02thousandha.)in
Maharashtraishighest
amongallstatesbutthe
productivityisstilllower
(757kg/ha)comparedto
UttarPradesh(1142kg/ha)
thiscouldbeincreased
throughuseofrecent
technologies.

17. •Recentlyagricultureincludes
allaspectsofcropproduction
(fieldcrops,plantationand
fruitcrops),livestockfarming,
processingandpreservationof
agriculturalproducesuchas
foodgrains,fiber,vegetables,
fruitsandanimalproducts,
fisheries,forestry,apiculture,
cultuserireetc.

18. •No doubt, we have achieved the goal of green
revolution (for increasing production of
wheat, sorghum & rice as major food crops,
with introduction of Mexican varieties in India
by Nariman E. Borlaug is 1965-1970),

19. •Yellowrevolution:(withlaunchingof
technologymissiononoilseedsin1986)

20. •Whiterevolution(increasingmilkproductionwith
breedingwithexoticbreeds&developingpotential
cross-bredcows)

21. •Blue revolution(increasing fish production)

22. Rainbow revolution:

23. •Rainbow revolution:ICAR given motto (for
increasing production of horticultural crop
through National Horticultural Mission in
2002-03).

24. Round revolution: increasing
Potato Production

25. •Therearenewchallengesorproblems
facedbythefarmerslikewaterlogging,
salinityandmicronutrientdeficiency
symptomsparticularlyzincwhichcause
khairadiseaseofrice,aswellasnewpest
probleminsugarcanelikewoolyaphids
andwhitegrub.

26. Metarrhizium against grubs Biocane
GMF biocane •Infected Cane grubs

27. •Toovercometheseproblems,appropriate
watermanagement,fertilizermanagement
andpestmanagementthroughintegrated
approacharedeveloped.

28. •Nowadaysitisnecessarytoevolvethe
varietiesoffieldcrops,vegetables,fruit
cropsetc.withqualityandhighyield
potential,andresistanttopestsand
diseaseswithwideradaptabilityunder
differenteco-units.

30. •Ananimalbreedingforincreasing
milkandmeatproductionis
essential.

31. Itisalsoessentialtoinitiateandstrengthenthe
researchesoncroppingsystemsratherthanindividual
croptoexploitfullestpotentialofnaturalresources.

33. Similarly,researchonagro-forestrysystemsuitabletodifferent
agro-ecologicalunitsforproperlanduse,environmentprotection/
conservationandincreasingagriculturalproduction.

34. •Preparationofvalueaddedproducts
(e.g.Babycornwhichfetcheshigher
price,useofsafflowerpetalsasa
ayurvedicmedicine)

35. •Useofgeneticallymodifiedplantsbymeansof
biotechnologyforincreasingagriculturalproduction.

36. Allthesearetherecentchallengesin
thefieldofagriculture.

37. •Therefore,continuousresearchand
developmentinfieldofagricultureis
non-endingandcontinuousprocess.
•InIndiaabout45SAU’s(State
AgriculturalUniversities)soalsohuge
networkofNationalAgricultural
ResearchSystemisinoperationunder
ICARandislookingforresearch,
educationandextensionactivities.

38. •SimilarlyinMaharashtra,four
AgriculturalUniversities,Departmentof
Agriculture,ICARfundedKVK’sand
severalNon-GovernmentOrganization
(NGO’s)likePaniPanchayatareengaged
ineducation,researchandtransferof
technologyaswellasmotivatingfarmers
forawarenessofmoderntechnologiesin
thefieldofproductionperunitarea
withoutdegradationofnatural
resources.

39. •Dry land agriculture :
•Crop diversification :
•Hi-tech Horticulture :
•Animal based farming system :
•System for disease surveillance & monitoring
•Sustainable farming :
•Organic farming :
•Agro-industries :
•Multidisciplinary Research :

40. Multidisciplinary Research :
•Waterresourcedevelopmentand
management,waterusemanagement.
•Integratednutrient,pestanddisease
management.
•FoodandAgriculturalprocessing.
•Bio-massmanagementandutilization.
•Cropimprovement
•Multi-disciplinaryareasgenerallyuse
resourcesmoreeconomically.