SDLC comprises seven different stages: planning, analysis, design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance. All are necessary for delivering a high-quality and cost-effective product in the shortest time frame possible

Software Development Life Cycle

1. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES

2. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT Software development is a set of computer science activities dedicated to the process of creating, designing, deploying and supporting software . Software itself is the set of instructions or programs that tell a computer what to do. It is independent of hardware and makes computers programmable. Most modern development processes can be vaguely described as agile. Other methodologies include waterfall, prototyping, iterative and incremental development, spiral development, rapid application development, and extreme programming.

3. Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) The software development life cycle (SDLC), also referred to as the application development life cycle, is a term used in systems engineering, information systems and software engineering to describe a process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system. The software development lifecycle (SDLC) is the cost-effective and time-efficient process that development teams use to design and build high-quality software. The goal of SDLC is to minimize project risks through forward planning so that software meets customer expectations during production and beyond. Uses an enhanced Waterfall methodology

4. Models of Software Development Waterfall (Old School) Software Development Prototyping Software Development Iterative Software Development Spiral Software Development Rapid Software Development Extreme Software Development

5. There are some general categories, which are developed into several specific methodologies: Waterfall: Linear framework type Prototyping: Iterative framework type Incremental: Combination of linear and iterative framework type Spiral: Combination of linear and iterative framework type Rapid Application Development (RAD): Iterative framework type Agile Development: Based on iterative development, emphasis on teams

6. Comparison of methods:

7. Phases of SDLC Planning Analysis Design Development Integration &Testing Implementation Maintenance

8. Planning The first phase of the SDLC is the project planning stage where you are gathering business requirements from your client or stakeholders. This phase is when you evaluate the feasibility of creating the product, revenue potential, the cost of production, the needs of the end-users, etc. In this phase, the Project Manager works with the project team to create the technical design, task list, resource plan, communications plan, budget, and initial schedule for the project, and establishes the roles and responsibilities of the project team and its stakeholders.

9. Analysis The analysis stage includes gathering all the specific details required for a new system as well as determining the first ideas for prototypes. Developers may: Define any prototype system requirements. Evaluate alternatives to existing prototypes. Perform research and analysis to determine the needs of end-users. In the Analysis stage the analyst must find and accept what the problem is. Then the analyst must interview his/her client so that both sides are clear on what the problem is. Afterwards , the client and analyst would both agree on what's called a 'Software Specification'

10. Design The design phase of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a critical step in developing the conceptual blueprint of a software project. This phase involves transforming the software requirements gathered during the Requirements Analysis phase into a structured design document. In the Design Development Phase, the schematic plans and elevations are reviewed, revised and expanded to incorporate all the details and specifications required for construction. Project components are looked at to the smallest detail.

11. Development The purpose of the Development Phase is to convert the system design prototyped in the Design Phase into a working information system that addresses all documented system requirements. At the end of this phase, the working system will enter the Test Phase.Development phase consists of: Translating the detailed requirements and design into system components. Testing individual elements (units) for usability. Preparing for integration and testing of the IT system.

12. Integration & Testing Integration testing is an important step in the SDLC because it helps to ensure that the different components of a software system work together effectively and efficiently to deliver the desired functionality. Integration testing involves checking individual components or units of a software project to expose defects and problems to verify that they work together as designed. As a rule, the usual software project consists of numerous software modules, many of them built by different programmers.

13. Implementation This phase is initiated after the system has been tested and accepted by the user. In this phase, the system is installed to support the intended business functions. System performance is compared to performance objectives established during the planning phase. During the implementation portion, the developer creates the actual product, and the product is installed and ready for coding. After the product is built, the coding can begin. The coding process creates the operational ability of the software product.

14. Maintenance The purpose of the maintenance phase is to provide three key outcomes: maintain software functionality, make upgrades to the coding, and ensure any repairs needed to the software are completed. Maintenance of service development is the last phase in the software lifecycle. The maintenance phase deals with changes that need to be made to the service over its lifetime because of new or changed requirements. Software maintenance is done after the product has launched for several reasons including improving the software overall, correcting issues or bugs, to boost performance, and more.

15. SDLC Evaluation The final phase of the SDLC is to measure the effectiveness of the system and evaluate potential enhancements.

16. Strengths & Weakness of SDLC Strengths Weakness Control Increased development time Monitor large projects Increased development cost Detailed steps System must be defined up front Evaluate cost and completion targets Rigidity Documentation Hard to estimate costs, project overruns Well defined user input User input is sometimes limited Ease of maintenance Development and design standards Tolerates changes in MIS staffing

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