seed production of paddy.pptx (RANJEET MAURYA)

SED PRODUCTION OF PADDY

1. TOPIC :- SEED PRODUCTION OF PADDY Ranjeet maurya

2. INTRODUCTION Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world and it is the stable food for over 2.7 billion people. In India, area under rice is 44.6 m ha with total output of 80 million tonnes (paddy) with an average productivity of 1855 kg/ha . It is grown in almost all the states . West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Tamilnadu , Kerala, Punjab, Maharashtra and Karnataka are major rice growing states and contribute to total 92% of area and production. Botanical name :- Oryza sativa Family :- poaceae Chromosome no. :- 2n=24 Origin :- south east asia

3. FLORALBIOLOGY

4. Growth stages and optimum temperature ranges Stage Optimum temperature (°C ) Germination 20-35 Seedling emergence 25-30 Rooting 25-28 Leaf elongation 31 Tillering 25-31 Panicle initiation 15-30 Anthesis 30-33 Ripening 20-25

5. Rice is a crop of tropical climate. However, it is also grown successfully in humid to sub-humid regions under subtropical and temperate climate CLIMATE SOIL :- Loam and Sandy loam PH :-5.5-6.5 SEED RATE Brod costing :- 100kg/ha. Drilling :- 60kg/ha. Hybrid :- 15kg/ha. Dapongmethod :- 1.5-3kg/ha .

6. Nurseary management paddy nursery is primarily based on three fundamental components: the selection of good quality seeds, the use of proper soil mixtures , and proper application of fertilizers. Fetilizer mnagement ( i ) High Yielding Early Maturing NPK @ 120:60:60 (ii) High Yielding Medium Maturity NPK @ 150:60:60 (iii) Scented paddy (dwarf) NPK @ 120:60:60

7. irrigation Average Water requirement –  1100 mm   Average Water requirement (SRI) –  700 mm      The daily consumptive use of rice varies from 6-10 mm and total water is ranges from 1100 to 1250 mm depending upon the agro climatic situation, duration of variety and characteristics of the soils.

8. Spacing method Row ×Plant short 20 ×10 cm. medium 20 ×15 cm. long 20 ×20 cm. Hybrid seed production Foundation seed cirtifiede seed 3 meters 3 meters

9. varieties   Pant Paddy-10, Pant Paddy-4, Sarju-52, Narendra-359, Narendra-2064, Narendra Dhan-2064, Pusa-44, and PNR-381 . IR -8. IR-20, IR-26 ,28, 30, JYA PHB-71 ,AJAY , RAJA LAXMI etc. Disease . Brown spot of Paddy: The Cochliobolus miyabeanus fungus causes it. Formerly referred to as Helminthosporium oryzae . In all stages of growth, the fungus affects the plant from seedling to the final stage.   Carbendazim , Prodione by treating the seats for 10 to 12 minutes in hot water at 53 to 54 degrees Celsius before planting to control the primary infection that may occur at the seedling stage.

10. Insect pest Rice stem borers l The most common rice insect in Malaysia, Chilo polychrysus ( Meyrick ) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae ), bore into the rice stems, usually killing the stems. e.g. 1% of tillers. This has been determined in extensive surveys conducted in major rice growing regions in Malaysia .

11. Harvesting Harvesting is the process of collecting the mature rice crop from the field. Paddy harvesting activities include reaping, stacking, handling, threshing, cleaning, and hauling. These can be done individually or a combine harvester can be used to perform the operations simultaneously. Yield Paddy yield per hectare- 5 to 8 tonnes After husks separation- 4 to 7 tonnes