SEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY ; PHONE, PHONEMES N ALLOPHONES.pptx

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1. SEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY PHONE ,PHONEME,MINIMAL PAIR, Allophone BY MS.LAILA AFRIDI M.Phil in English (Applied Linguistics) Visiting Lecturer At NUML

2. PHONE A physically produced speech sound , representing one version of a phoneme. Phones are phonetic units appear in square brackets as [p]

3. How can phoneme be discovered? Through Minimal Pairs minimal pairs means pair of words different only in one phoneme. For Example; s et, w et , m at , c at Vowel ; set, /s e t/, seat / s i: t /, sight / s ai t /,  small a  long e  diphthong

4. PHONEME The smallest (which cannot further be divided) contrastive sound segment . Or the smallest unit of speech distinguishing one word or word element from another, as ; For example /b / , /p/ , /n/, /t/ ban , pan, can, van phonemes don’t have any value in themselves. Their value lies in the fact that a change in phoneme brings about a change in the meaning. For example; b at , c at , mat etc.

5. DIFFERENCE B/W PHONEMES & ALLOPHONES Phonemes are studied in phonology. A meaning distinguishing sound. In different positions, in different words, phonemes have different sounds. This is when they are called allophones which are non-significant and predictable. Phonemes are related to our mind. They live exist in our mind, cognitive stuff. It is written within slashes / / mental segment, abstract unit.

6. ALLOPHONES ‘ allo -means one of closely related sound Allophones are phonemes varients which functions as a single sound. for example; /p/ in words like pen , spin , stop

7. syllable A unit of word contain a vowel sound with or without consonant sound called syllable. Example: I He hap py