SEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY; PHONEMES N ALLOPHONES.pptx

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1. SEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY PHONE ,PHONEME,MINIMAL PAIR, Allophone BY MS.LAILA AFRIDI

2. PHONE A physically produced speech sound , representing one version of a phoneme. Phones are phonetic units appear in square brackets as [p]

3. How can phoneme be discovered? Through Minimal Pairs minimal pairs mean pair of words different only in one phoneme. For Example; s et, w et , m at , c at Vowel ; set, /s e t/, seat / s i: t /, sight / s ai t /,  small a  long e  diphthong

4. PHONEME The smallest (which cannot further be divided) contrastive sound segment. OR Contrastive means different . For example /b/ , /p/ , /t/, /d/ phonemes don’t have any value in themselves. Their value lies in the fact that a change in phoneme brings about a change in the meaning. For example; b at , c at OR It is an individual sound in a word. /p/ in word pen For example /p/ in words like ; p ot , c ot, m ot

5. ALLOPHONES ‘ allo -means one of closely related sond It is the articulation of a phoneme E.g. /t/ in words hot, tea or /p/ in words; p ot, s p ot, s p lit, p hrase etc The actual realization or pronunciation of phonemes are called Allophones. For example; /p/, /t/ , /k/ initially comes in the beginning of stressed syllables, so /p/ is pronounced as / ph / , /t/ as /ð/ , /k/ as /k/ For example; t ime / taim / , c at / kæt / , p en/pen/ . All these words are monosyllabic words which are already stressed and are aspirated. All such sounds are aspirated when they come in the beginning of monosyllabic words, otherwise in other words like bisyllabics or trisyllabic words such sounds are not aspirated , not stressed. Simply , Allophones are phonemes varients .

6. DIFFERENCE B/W PHONEMES & ALLOPHONES Phonemes are basic sounds. In different positions, in different words, phonemes have different sounds. This is when they are called allophones which are non-significant and predictable. Phonemes are related to our mind. They exist in our mind, cognative stuff. While allophone and phones are physically produced by mouth.