Selected Response Items.pdf

Techniques in educational assessment

1. SUBJECT: TECHNIQUES OF EDUCATIONAL
ASSESSMENT
PRESENTATION TOPIC: SELECTED-RESPONSE ITEMS
PRESENTED BY: NADEEM AHMED KHAN
PRESENTED TO: DR. AROOSA SOHAIL
DEPARTMENT: EDUCATION
SEMESTER: M. PHIL (1ST SEMESTER)
DATE: DEC 23
RD
, 2022

3. SELECTED RESPONSE ITEMS
Selected-response items ask students to select the correct answer
from a list of options included in the item
(Kansas State Department of Education)
Selected-response items are those that are composed of
questions to which there is typically one best answer. They are
sometimes referred to objective assessments.
These items measure the students’ ability to apply their knowledge
and skills.

4. Advantages of Selected-Response
Items
➢They are efficient.
➢Selected-response items can be used to assess a range of
student knowledge and skills.
➢One can score them faster than other types of items.
➢They are easy to analyze.
➢They are relatively easy to construct and modify over time.
➢They are quick to respond.

5. Disadvantages of Selected-Response
Items
Selected-response items cannot directly measure higher-order
thinking in the same way that, for example, an essay prompt can.
Students can guess the answers to selected-response items,
which makes the results less accurate.
A long assessment that contains only selected-response items can
overwhelm and frustrate students.
Multiple-choice questions favor students that are test-wise
Multiple-choice questions reward guessing rather than knowing

6. Types of Selected-Response Items
▪Binary Choice Items
▪Multiple Choice Items
▪Matching Items etc.

7. Binary Choice Items
▪A Binary Question is answered by picking one of two opposite
choices.
▪Such questions can be based on
❖Fact/ Opinion
❖True/ False
❖Yes/ No
❖Correct/ Incorrect

8. Binary Choice Items
Advantages
▪It is fast and a student can answer
many questions in a short amount of
time.
▪Can cover a lot of facts in a short
space
▪"Easy” to construct
▪Can assess distinguishing fact and
opinion
▪Can assess identifying cause and
effect
Disadvantages
▪A student has a 50/50 chance to get the
correct answer.
▪Ambiguity may promote merely
“guessing.”
▪Can usually only assess simple recall
of facts
▪The “right” answer is often obvious

9. Instructions in writing Binary Type Items
The statement must be unequally true or false.
Make each item as significant as possible.
Include only one concept in each statement.
Rarely use negative statements, never use double negatives
The written length of the statement should neither be too long nor too short.
Don’t use new terminology on an exam that you haven’t used in class.
Phrase items carefully to assess recall.
Avoid ambiguous statement

10. Multiple Choice Items
Multiple choice questions consist of a stem (question or statement)
with several answer choices (distractors).
The multiple-choice format consists of two parts
1. The stem, which identifies the problem or the question
2. The options, which present the response alternative

11. Multiple Choice Items
Advantages
They are straightforward.
Doesn’t require much effort from the
respondent to answer the questions.
Results are simple to analyze.
Easy to complete on mobile devices
They havefastprocessing times
There'sno room for subjectivity
Easy to Create
Disadvantages
They don't produce any qualitative data,
solelyquantitative.
Creates More Confusion
Only a part of the concept is tested
Only a guess not knowledge
Theylimitthe respondent in hisanswers

12. Guidelines in Writing Matching Items
The stem should have a self-contained question or problem.
Avoid negative statement.
Ensure that the correct responses randomly occur in all positions..
Don’t use “all of the above” choice.
“None of the above” choice can be used but occasionally.
Keep answer choices concise.
Answer choices should keep a consistent grammatical structure.
Refrain repeating the same vocabulary in the choices as used in the
question.
Ensure that only one alternative is indisputably correct

13. Matching item
Matching items consist of two lists of words, phrases, or
images (often referred to as stems and responses). Students
review the list of stems and match each with a word, phrase,
or image from the list of responses.
Two parallel lists of words or phrases requiring students to
match entries on one list with entries on the other list.
(Popham)

14. Matching item
Advantages
Give an objective assessment of the
learners’ knowledge.
Can be scored objectively and
efficiently
Relatively easy to construct
Easy to read
Easy to understand
Easy to grade on paper
Disadvantages
Answering matching questions is time-
consuming for learners.
Items are inter-related
Not suitable for all knowledge and
learning skills.

15. Guidelines in Writing Matching item
Use lists that are homogenous or in the same kind of group.
Lists should be brief, with the shorter words or phrases listed on the
right.
Add extra response , more than is actually needed, to the list on the
right.
Alphabetize or arrange the responses on the right in the
chronological sequence.
Describe the directions clearly.
Place the matching items on the same page.
Focus on one concept rather than multiple concepts for a single
matching question.
Include more responses than premises.