Semen analysis

SEMEN ANALYSIS

1. DR NILESH KATE MBBS,MD PROFESSOR ESIC MEDICAL COLLEGE, GULBARGA. DEPT. OF PHYSIOLOGY SEMEN ANALYSIS.

2. OBJECTIVES Importance of semen analysis in clinical practice Indications Composition of normal semen Morphology & motility of sperm Applied . Wednesday, June 17, 2020

3. Semen analysis. Imp for evaluation of male fertility. Also done after vasectomy to check completeness of surgical procedure. Wednesday, June 17, 2020

4. Semen – features. Volume – 2-5 ml per ejaculation. Motility - > 60% should be motile within 3 hrs. Count – 35-200 millions /ml Liquefaction – Liquify within 30 min. Wednesday, June 17, 2020

5. Semen – features. pH – 7.2-7.7 Fructose – normally present. Specific gravity – 1.028 Wednesday, June 17, 2020

6. Principle Analysis of freshly collected sample of semen gives information about male fertility, which is detected by examining the sample under the microscope. Wednesday, June 17, 2020

7. Requirements Microscope Viscometer Neubauer’s chamber WBC pipette Sample of semen. Wednesday, June 17, 2020

8. Procedure After a period of sexual abstinence of 2 days. Sample is collected. Semen analysis done after 30 min. Wednesday, June 17, 2020

9. Why after 30 min. Immediately after collection semen coagulates & liquifies after 15-20 min. Semen contains fibrinogen which gets converted to fibrin & coagulates the sample. Wednesday, June 17, 2020

10. Measurement of other parameters Measure the volume. Examine motility & morphology under low power then high power. Wednesday, June 17, 2020

11. Sperm count Pipetteing Collect the seminal fluid upto 0.5 mark in WBC pipette. Dilute upto 11 mark by using 4% sodium bicarbonate in 1% phenol. Count in WBC square. Wednesday, June 17, 2020

12. Precautions Sample collection should be after 48 hrs of abstinence. Sample should be analysed 30 min after collection. Analysis should be done within 6 hrs of collection. Wednesday, June 17, 2020

13. Observations Volume Appearance Motility Count Liquefaction Morphology pH Fructose content. Wednesday, June 17, 2020

14. Volume 2-5 ml per ejaculation after abstinence of 2 days. Volume of semen decreases with repeated ejaculations. Wednesday, June 17, 2020

15. Appearance Mostly milky due to prostatic secretions. Wednesday, June 17, 2020

16. Motility Within first 3 hrs , 60% sperm should show motility in forward direction. < 60% - subnormal <40% - infertility. Wednesday, June 17, 2020

17. Count 35- 200 millions /ml Between 20-40 millions/ml – infertility . <20% - sterility . Wednesday, June 17, 2020

18. Liquefaction Liquify within 30 min. Cause – Plasmin in prostatic fluid. Delayed for more than 2 hrs – inflammation of accessory glands or enzyme defect in secretory products of glands Wednesday, June 17, 2020

19. Liquefaction. Semen when ejaculated is liquid but it soon coagulates in vitro or in vagina. This clotting helps semen to remain in vagina for some time. Liquefaction after 30 min releases sperm for movements. Wednesday, June 17, 2020

20. Morphology. >70% - should have normal morphology. Abnormality > 30 % - pathology. Abnormalities – shape, defective head, tail, bifurcated tail, bifid head, spirally coiled tail, absence of head. Wednesday, June 17, 2020

21. pH Normal - 7.2-7.7 The alkalinity is due to the prostatic secretions. Below 7 – semen contains prostatic fluid which may be due to congenital absence of seminal vesicle or excessive prostatic fluid. Wednesday, June 17, 2020

22. Significance of alkaline pH. The alkaline semen brings the vaginal pH from 3.5–4 to 6–6.5, the pH at which sperms show optimum motility. Wednesday, June 17, 2020

23. Fructose content. Normally present. Absent in – Absence or obstruction of ejaculatory ducts or seminal vesicle. Wednesday, June 17, 2020

24. Secretions of seminal vesicles The secretion from seminal vesicles is mucoid and viscous fluid. It is neutral or slightly alkaline in nature. It contains fructose, phosphorylcholine, ergothioneine, ascorbic acid, flavins and prostaglandins. Wednesday, June 17, 2020

25. Functions Nutrition to sperms Clotting of semen soon after ejaculation into the female genital tract occurs due to fibrinogen Fertilization of ovum may be enhanced by the prostaglandins Wednesday, June 17, 2020

26. Secretion of prostate gland Forms 10% of total semen. Functions – Maintenance of optimum pH for fertilization (6–6.5) Clotting of semen by converting fibrinogen (from seminal vesicles) into a coagulum is caused by the clotting enzymes present in the prostatic fluid. Wednesday, June 17, 2020

27. Secretion of bulbourethral gland. Provide mucoid consistency to the semen after puberty. Wednesday, June 17, 2020

28. THANK YOU