Seminar (Ajai) Oresund Bridge.pptx seminar

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1. ØresuNd BRIDGE Presented By, AjaiRaj S5, Civil Roll no : 7 N.S.S Polytechnic college , Pandalam Guide Jaya N.S.S Polytechnic College Pandalam

2. Contents Introduction Why such combained structure? Solution Components Construction Load transfer Conclusion

3. Introduction This amazing Bridge turns into a tunnel and connects Denmark & Sweden A part of the Bridge is above water and it runs nearly 8 km The remaining part of the bridge is a 4km Artificial Island & 4km Tunnel

4. Introduction It is the longest Double track railway & Dual carriageway combined bridge-tunnel in Europe. The support towers of 204m into the air makes the bridge one of the tallest cement structures ( the height is the equivalent of the 60 story building )

5. Facts The government of both country’s ordered that this construction should be completed within 5 years. The Oresund was designed by the Danish Engineering firm COWI The main architect was George K.S Rotne The cost of project was 3 billion USD and it was completed 6 months ahead of schedule as well as on budget. Construction duration 1995-1999

6. Where THE ORESUND BRIDGE is located? In Northern Europe the Baltic Sea converges with the North Sea at the oresund straight a 16 kilometres w ide stretch of water that separates Denmark and Sweden. The 16.4 km long Øresund Bridge consists of a bridge, an artificial island and a tunnel, which connect the Danish capital Copenhagen with Malmö in Sweden across the Øresund strait.

7. Why such combained structure of Bridge, Tunnel & an Artificial Island ? Dangerous Setback The shoreline on the Danish side with the Copenhagen international airport, Kastrup by the building a bridge with Hightower’s would have obstructed air traffic and could lead to a tragedy .

8. Dangerous setback While building a low bridge would have been safer for air traffic but then it would have blocked Denmark ships .

9. How to overcome? All these situations can be solve by building a 16 kilometres long under water tunnel between Sweden and Denmark

10. What was the problem.? It was too expensive.

11. Solution To built an under water tunnel close to the airport and bridge on other side which would be cheaper solution Means... a tunnel turn into a bridge in the middle of the open sea which requires island with the tunnel could emerge from the water.
- There were no island existed so engineers decided to build one .

12. Three main segments of The Oresund Link On the Denmark side, the link begins with a 3,510-meter (2.2-mile) underwater tunnel. The tunnel emerges from the water into a roadway on a 4,055- meter (2.5-mile) artificial island, Peberholm , which appears as a bright white shape to the south of the natural island in the scene.
The cable-supported Oresund Bridge stretches 7.845 meters (4.9 miles) across the eastern part of the Strait toward Sweden, making a thin white line across the image

13. Design of Bridge They held a design competition to meet the best possible design for the bridge of 60 meters about the water and the center span more than 450 meters long. There are three type designs.... 1. Arch Bridge 2. A Suspension Bridge 3. Cable-stayed Bridge

14. 1. Arch Bridge Problem : The clearance for large ships decreases at the end.

15. 2. Suspension Bridge Problem: suspension bridges becomes very flexible by the Konnecting cables to more cables.

16. 3. Cable-stayed Bridge Finally engineers came up with a cable-stayed bridge It’s structure is rigid enough for heavy train traffic because the support cables attached directly to the fixed towers A cable-stayed bridges were cheaper to build and not having the two enormous main cables which saves tons of steel.

17. Construction of Bridge Most of the bridge structures – the bridge piers and bridge spans were built on land and subsequently towed out to the bridge alignment by a large floating crane.
The pylons were cast in situ.

18. Construction of Bridge On the Swedish side, the pillers were placed 140 meters apart , then they built 2 towers and put a big gap between them ( 490 m ) for passing the ship’s.

19. Bridge Durability The Øresund Bridge is designed to have an operational lifespan of 100 years. The truss girders and all exposed steel have been protected from corrosion with the maximum coat thickness possible.
The design was modified to promote water runoff and to reduce water retention on the structure.

20. An Artificial Island Only way is Infilling Deadline: 14 months Large quarried stone were brought from Sweden 1.8 billion kilograms of them to stay on schedule. Material was constantly being brought here with 16 barges delivering 18 million kilograms a day .

21. An Artificial Island Each load was carefully placed using GPS to create a perimeter 12 kilometres long then it had to be filled. Fact:• Approximate 1800 kg crore rock ( 12km circumference )
• (11m depth, 46 m breadth, 4 km length ) Around 2 lakh cubic metre soil & mud needed for filling.
• Soil was taken from the bottom of the sea

22. An Artificial Island Machine used for dredging : Chicago Problem : Koppen hagen limestone found in the undersea, Chiago couldn’t cut these limestones Solution : Brought world biggest suction cutter dredger (Costa Suction cutter) Chicago Suction cutter dredger

23. Immersed Tunnel Each tunnel element(Block) is 176 metres long. 49 metres wide. Approximately 9 metres high and weighs around 57,000 ton 20 Blocks needed. 40 m reinforced steel , 7,50,000 crore litre concrete. The tunnel comprises five parallel tunnel tubes – two for the railway, two for the motorway plus a small tunnel as an escape gallery

24. Immersed Tunnel GPS used for correct setting of blocks. Gap between two blocks is less than 1 mm Inside the tunnel set the road by concreting.. This type Tunnel is known as Trojan Tunnel.

25. Load Transfer It has BEARINGS weighing up to 20t each , capable of bearing vertical loads up to 96,000 kN in a longitudinal direction and up to 40,000 kN in transverse direction.

The design, manufacturing and installation of the bearings were carried out by the SWISS CIVIL ENGINEERING firm MAGEBA.

26. Conclusion Has increased employment throughout the region 1.83 million people are working in region, with over 18000 commuters not included in this number
around 35 million people travel this route every year Reduced air pollution by 50% as it replaced ferry transport Increased circular mobility, helped to reduce the shortage of labor in Denmark and has boosted the property market in Sweden

27. THANK YOU...